2nd Sem - 1st Evals - Amino Acid Metabolism (PastE/Remed)

Question 1

Ubiquitin

Answer 1

a small polypeptide that targets many intracellular protein for degradation

Question 2

Humans excrete nontoxic, highly water soluble urea. Humans are…

Answer 2

ureotelic

Question 3

alanine is synthesized by the muscle by glucose-derived ___. this is taken up by the liver.

Answer 3

pyruvate

Question 4

in the liver, alanine is converted to ____ and released to the bloodstream, where it is availbale for uptake by the muscle and resynthesis of alanine.

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

overflow of nitrogen in amino acid catabolism. 3 phases:

Answer 5

1) transamination
2) oxidative deamination
3) urea cycle

Question 6

transamination - freely reversible or not?

Answer 6

freely reversible

Question 7

all common amino acids except _______ participate in transamination

Answer 7

lysine, threonine, proline, & hydroxyproline

Question 8

pair samples of transamination. which one is most frequent?

Answer 8

Ala - Pyr
Asp - OAA
alpha-KG - L-Glutamate (this one is most frequent)

Question 9

enzyme for transamination

Answer 9

transaminases

Question 10

important co-factor of transaminases

Answer 10

PLP - Pyroxidal Phosphate

Question 11

Pyroxidal Phosphate is derived from

Answer 11

Vit B6

Question 12

transfer of alpha-KG forms ___

Answer 12

L-glutamate

Question 13

the L-glutamate dehydrogenase reaction is reversible but favors __

Answer 13

glutamate formation

Question 14

oxidative deamination uses this enzyme:

Answer 14

GDH - glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 15

GDH uses these important co factors:

Answer 15

NAD(P) or NAD(P)H

Question 16

urea cycle occurs in:

Answer 16

reactions 1 and 2 in liver mitochondria

reactions 3-5 in liver cytosol

Question 17

Urea Cycle starts with

Answer 17

NH4+ + CO2

Question 18

Urea Cycle Reaction 1

Answer 18

NH4+ + CO2 —-Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I–> carbamoyl phosphate

requires ATP–»ADP+Pi

Question 19

Urea Cycle Reaction 2

Answer 19

Carbamoyl Phosphate + L-Ornithine —Ornithine Carbamoyl transferase—>L-Citrulline

Question 20

Urea Cycle Reaction 3

Answer 20

L-Citrulline + L-Aspartate —-Arginocuccinate synthase—> Argininosuccinate

Question 21

Urea Cycle Reaction 4

Answer 21

Argininosuccinate —-Argininosuccinate lyase—> Fumarate+L-Arginine

Question 22

Urea Cycle Reaction 5

Answer 22

L-Arginine ——Arginase—> Urea+L-Ornithine

Question 23

_____ is the pacemaker enzyme of the urea cycle

Answer 23

carbamoyl phosphate synthase I

Question 24

Carbamoyl Phosphate + Ornithine =

Answer 24

Citrulline

Question 25

Citrulline + Aspartate =

Answer 25

Argininosuccinate

Question 26

Cleavage of Argininosuccinate =

Answer 26

arginine + fumarate

Question 27

cleavage of arginine =

Answer 27

urea + re-forms orthinine

Question 28

Deficiency of CPS I

Answer 28

T1 Hyperammonemia

Question 29

Deficiency of OTC

Answer 29

T2 Hyperammonemia

Question 30

Deficiency of Argininosuccinate Synthase

Answer 30

Citrullinemia

Question 31

Deficiency of Argininosuccinate Lyase

Answer 31

Argininosuccinate acidosis

Question 32

Deficiency of Arginase

Answer 32

Hyperargininemia

Question 33

NAG Synthase

Answer 33

NAG deficiency

Question 34

Human subjects degrade _____% of their body protein daily...

Answer 34

1-2