2ND QTR MUSIC: Classical Period (1750-1820) Flashcards
It is also known as “Age of Reasons”
Classical Era
The term “_________ ______” is generally used to refer to the post-baroque and pre-romantic era of music.
Classical Period
Classical period was composed between ____ and ____, which covers the development of the classical symphony and concerto.
1750 and 1820
Music of this period was generally of an _______ ______, with _________ __ _______ & _______, and emphasizing ______ ______ rather than emotional expression
Generally of an orderly nature, with qualities of clarity & balance, and emphasizing formal beauty
What are the important Historical events?
- French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars
- The American declaration of Independence in 1776
- The American Revolution
Cultural life was dominated by the ___________, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts.
Aristocracy
The birth of classical civilization was deeply rooted in the ___________ ______, ________ and ______________.
The birth of classical civilization was deeply rooted in the adventurous social, economic and constitutional
The birth of classical civilization was deeply rooted in the adventurous social, economic and constitutional restructuring that took place in the _______ ______.
Archaic Period
Harmony and texture is __________ in general
Homophonic
The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of _________ and __________.
Crescendo and Diminuendo
Who was named after the Alberti Bass?
Domenico Alberti
The style of broken chord accompaniment is called?
Alberti Bass
What is the Domenico Alberti Melody?
Short and clearly defined musical phrases with two or more contrasting themes.
It is very defined and regular
Rhythm
It is mostly Homophonic
Texture
The symphony orchestra was organized into four sections-strings, woodwind, brass and percussion. The harpsichord was seldom used.
Timbre
Classical music has highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music, these include:
The Concerto, Symphony, Sonata, Suite, Etude, Symphonic Poem, Opera and others.
It has three sections, a fast intro, a slow middle section and a fast ending.
Overture
It is the most important music forms of this period. This type of music is written for a solo instrument, or a solo instrument with accompaniment; having three or four movements, each complete in itself.
Sonata Allegro
Who are the composers during the Classical Period?
Franz Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig Van Beethoven.
One of the most prominent composers of the classical period.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He is known for his “rag-to-riches” story.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He came from poor family and his music led his rise in social status,
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but touches of humor
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He composed 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra.
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He was named “Father of Symphony”
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the Surprise Symphony”, “The clock”, “The Military”
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)
He is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and operas such as: “The Marriage of Figaro “ (1786), “Don Giovanni “ (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)
He was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 sets of variation, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quarters and choral music.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “ Fidelio “ (1805)
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
He began to be deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance, He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as __________.
CLASSICISM
Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the _______.
NOBILITY
A multi-movement work for solo instruments
SONATA
Sonata came from the word “______” which means __ ____ _ _____.
“Sonare” which means to make a sound
This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin.
SONATA
The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections
SONATA ALLEGRO FORM
What are the 3 Distinct sections of Sonata Allegro Form?
Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation
the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme.
Exposition
What is Development?
It is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed
It is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
Concerto
It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer.
Concerto
The solo instruments in classical concertos include ______, _____, ________, _______, _______, ____ and _____.
The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano.
A CONCERTO HAS THREE MOVEMENTS: ____, ____, ____
Fast, Slow, Fast
What is the 1st movement (fast, concerto)?
Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist.
What is the 2nd movement (slow, concerto)?
Has more ornamentation than the First movement.
What is the 3rd movement (fast, finale, concerto)?
usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.
A multi-movement work for orchestra
Symphony
The symphony is derived from the word “________” which literally means “__________________________”.
“Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”.
It is classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements.
Symphony
What is the 1st movement of the Symphony (Fast)?
Sonata-allegro form
What is the 2nd movement of Symphony (Slow)?
gentle, lyrical - typical ABA form or theme and variation
What is the 3rd movement of Symphony (Medium/Fast)?
uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo)
As the 18th century progressed, instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility which led to the rise of public taste for “_____ _____.”
Comic Opera
What is the 4th movement of Symphony (Fast)?
typically Rondo or Sonata form
_____ is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting.
Opera
What are the two distinct styles of Opera that were developed during the Classical Period?
Opera Seria and Opera Buffa
It is also known as serious opera and usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period.
Opera Seria
“________” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria.
Idomenio
It is also known as Comic Opera and it is from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social satire.
Opera Buffa
“_____________”, “_________”, and “__________” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart.
“The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute”
