2nd Prio Dx Flashcards
communicable dx considered to be of socioeconomic and public health importance; significant in int’l trade
2nd prio dx
T/F: 2nd prio dx has a potential of serious and rapid spread
F - 1st prio
Amendment
DA AO No 17 2004
other term for blackleg
clostridial myositis, true blackleg, black quarter dx
manifestation of blackleg
hind quarter lesions (black quarter dx)
blackleg exhibits ________________ in 2 mo - 2 y/o
necrotizing myositis
T/F: blackleg is a chronic febrile dx of cattle and sheep
F - acute
etiologic agent of true blackleg
C. chauvoei
etiologic agent of false blackleg or malignant edema
C. septicum and C. novyi (secondary)
T/F: Clostridium is G(+), spore-forming, soil-borne
T
CFR of blackleg
100%
T/F: blackleg is more common in cattle than sheep
F - more common in sheep
T/F: blackleg in cattle is usually endogenous infxn
T
fast and reliable diagnostic test for blackleg
FAT (fluorescent Ab test)
1st antibiotic of choice for blackleg
penicillin
primary source of re-infxn of a herd w/ blackleg
animals dying of blackleg
etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis
- A. marginale
- A. centrale - mild clinical signs; used for prep of live vax against A. marginale
primary source of infxn of bovine anaplasmosis
blood transmission
w/c is more tick-resistant? inducus (tropic [+] hump) or taurus (temperate [-] hump)
indicus
w/c is more susceptible to tabanids? black, red, or white coat breeds
black/red
T/F: dairy breed has greater risk of anaplasmosis transmission than meat breed because of mgt protocols
T
T/F: young calves are more susceptible to anaplasmosis infxn than older cattle
F - less (old>young)
*<1-2 y/o: mild or moderate
T/F: young calves develop immunity in enzootic areas
T
T/F: clinical dx is rare in enzootic areas
T
w/c dx does not cause affected cattle to produce red urine or hematuria or hemoglobinuria
anaplasmosis
standard serologic test for anapasmosis
IFA (indirect immunofluorescence Ab assay)
anaplasmosis tx
tetra, imidocarb, estradiol cypionate, blood transfusion
other term for bovine babesiosis
redwater fever or cattle fever
state w/in clinical dx occurs rarely or not at all
endemic stability
T/F: complete tick elimination is not practical
T (so natural vax will be achieved)
most common piroplasms in PH
B. bovis and B. bigemina
w/c is more virulent? B. bovis or B. bigemina
bovis (coz it causes neurologic problems)
tx for bovine babesiosis
imidocarb, diminazene aceturate
T/F: bovine TB produces secondary caseous nodules
F - primary
T/F: reverse zoonotic is possible in bovine TB
T
other sources of bovine TB infxn (animal)
dog, cat
T/F: drinking milk from cattle infected w/ TB is safe
F - pasteurized milk (pasteurization temp kill tubercle bacilli)
primary MOT of TB
inhalation (#1 cause of mortality)
etiologic agent of bovine TB
- M. bovis (#1): ingestion of milk for humans; inhalation in animals
- M. tuberculosis
color of intestine and carcass of animals infected with TB
- cattle - yellow
- buffalo - white
- others - gray
TB test where you inject tuberculin PPD and detect swelling
SID (single intradermal test)
type of hypersensitivity of SID
type IV or delayed (48-96 hr)
T/F: max sensitivity is observed in the tail; max specificity is observed in the neck
F - baliktad
T/F: SID cannot differentiate M. bovis/tuberculosis/avium
T
TB test where you inject both avian and bovine tuberculin simultaneously
comparative intradermal test
type of hypersensitivity of comparative intradermal test
type IV or delayed (72 hr)
1 option for herd infected with TB
test and slaughter (if there is <5% incidence rate)
TB vax
Bacille Calmette Guerin vax
TB tx
isoniazid (humans and animals)
other term for brucellosis
undulant fever (in humans), Mediterranean fever, abortus fever, contagious abortion, Bang’s dx, Malta fever
characterized by septicemia followed by localization of infxn in the LN and genital organ
brucellosis
etiologic agent of brucellosis
(found in placenta)
1. B. abortus - cattle
2. B. melitensis - goat
3. B. ovis - sheep
T/F: brucellosis causes abortion in the early-mid stage of pregnancy
F - late (usually 3 mo)
T/F: w/c Brucella is not zoonotic
B. ovis
Brucella growth factor normally produced by fetus
erythritol
source of periodic Brucella infxn in adult nonpregnant cattle
mammary gland
gold standard for diagnosis of Brucella
bacterial culture and identification
T/F: sexually mature animals are more prone to brucellosis
T
T/F: vax program against B. abortus in cattle is effective but vax against B. melitensis in sheep is more difficult
T
T/F: Bang’s dx risk is higher if the semen is used in AI vs embryo transfer
T
protects embryo from viral pathogens
zona pellucida
primary cause of undulant fever in humans
ingestion of raw milk
T/F: animals recovered from brucellosis are considered reservoirs of the dx
T
brucellosis test for large scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos
rose bengal test (positive indicator = solid clotting)
best tx for B. abortus
none (unsuccessful due to inability to penetrate cells since Brucella is intracellular; antibiotic resistance)
major source of B. ovis infection
male sheep (passive venereal infxn; direct ram-to-ram transfer)
B. ovis tx
oxytet, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, culling, vax (B. melitensis strain Rev. 1)
Brucella sp w/ high risk of bioterrorism/agroterrorism
B. melitensis (Malta or Mediterranean fever in humans)
other term for fasciolosis
liver flukes, hepatic fascioliasis
T/F: fasciolosis is zoonotic
T
primary source of pasture contamination (fasciolosis)
sheep
infective stage of Fasciola for mammal
metacercaria
IH of Fasciola
lymnaeid snails
infective stage for snails
miracidium
Fasciola swimming stage
cercaria
low amount of metacercaria = ______ infxn
chronic
large amount of metacercaria = _______ infxn
acute
F. hepatica = ______ region
cooler
most reported Fasciola in PH
F. gigantica
caused by young flukes in liver parenchyma
acute hepatic fasciolosis
caused by adults in bile ducts
chronic hepatic fasciolosis
form of fasciolosis that causes sudden death
acute fasciolosis
intermediate form of fasciolosis in sheep
subacute fasciolosis
form of fasciolosis that causes wool shedding
chronic fasciolosis
T/F: acute fasciolosis causes hypochromic macrocytic anemia
F - normochromic anemia
subacute/chronic fasciolosis causes ____________ anemia
hypochromic macrocytic
T/F: fecalysis is not recommended in acute fasciolosis
T (flukes are still juvenile; no eggs)
etiologic agent of black dx
C. novyi (causes generalized toxemia and hemolysis of blood; spores cause fasciola in liver parenchyma)
Fasciolosis tx
- triclabendazole - all stages
- albendazole - ovicidal
anti-trematode
- nitroxynil - adult and immature
- clorsulon, albendazole, rafoxanide, netobimin - adult
- copper sulfate or sodium pentachlorophenate - snail terminator but hazardous to sheep and humans
other term for leptospirosis
Weil’s dx, enzootic jaundice, Red water
T/F: leptospirosis is zoonotic
T
T/F: lepto causes interstitial nephritis in cattle
T
golden standard diagnostic test for lepto
MAT (microscopic agglutination test)
other term for surra
trypanosomiasis
etiologic agent of surra
Trypanosoma evansi (from tabanid and Stomoxys)
Trypanosoma sp that attaches to endothelial cells
T. congolense
Trypanosoma sp that invades tissues and causes damage
T. brucei, T. vivax
w/c causes severe infxn? acute or chronic surra
acute
tx for surra
diminazene aceturate, homidium bromide, isometamidium chloride, suramin
T/F: not all serovars of Lepto are pathogenic and many are associated w/ a reservoir species in w/c little dx is apparent
T
Many serovars are highly prevalent w/in maintenance host populations and persist in the ____ or _______
kidney or genital tract
T/F: Leptospira infxn is more common in temperate areas
F - tropic (war and moist environment)
T/F: Lepto maintenance hosts typically do not develop significant clinical dx
T (incidental hosts experience severe and acute)
best available method to determine infecting serovar
bacterial culture
