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Ruminant Med - Prado > 2nd Prio Dx > Flashcards

2nd Prio Dx Flashcards

1
Q

communicable dx considered to be of socioeconomic and public health importance; significant in int’l trade

A

2nd prio dx

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2
Q

T/F: 2nd prio dx has a potential of serious and rapid spread

A

F - 1st prio

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3
Q

Amendment

A

DA AO No 17 2004

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4
Q

other term for blackleg

A

clostridial myositis, true blackleg, black quarter dx

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5
Q

manifestation of blackleg

A

hind quarter lesions (black quarter dx)

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6
Q

blackleg exhibits ________________ in 2 mo - 2 y/o

A

necrotizing myositis

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7
Q

T/F: blackleg is a chronic febrile dx of cattle and sheep

A

F - acute

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8
Q

etiologic agent of true blackleg

A

C. chauvoei

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9
Q

etiologic agent of false blackleg or malignant edema

A

C. septicum and C. novyi (secondary)

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10
Q

T/F: Clostridium is G(+), spore-forming, soil-borne

A

T

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11
Q

CFR of blackleg

A

100%

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12
Q

T/F: blackleg is more common in cattle than sheep

A

F - more common in sheep

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13
Q

T/F: blackleg in cattle is usually endogenous infxn

A

T

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14
Q

fast and reliable diagnostic test for blackleg

A

FAT (fluorescent Ab test)

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15
Q

1st antibiotic of choice for blackleg

A

penicillin

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16
Q

primary source of re-infxn of a herd w/ blackleg

A

animals dying of blackleg

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17
Q

etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis

A
  1. A. marginale
  2. A. centrale - mild clinical signs; used for prep of live vax against A. marginale
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18
Q

primary source of infxn of bovine anaplasmosis

A

blood transmission

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19
Q

w/c is more tick-resistant? inducus (tropic [+] hump) or taurus (temperate [-] hump)

A

indicus

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20
Q

w/c is more susceptible to tabanids? black, red, or white coat breeds

A

black/red

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21
Q

T/F: dairy breed has greater risk of anaplasmosis transmission than meat breed because of mgt protocols

A

T

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22
Q

T/F: young calves are more susceptible to anaplasmosis infxn than older cattle

A

F - less (old>young)
*<1-2 y/o: mild or moderate

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23
Q

T/F: young calves develop immunity in enzootic areas

A

T

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24
Q

T/F: clinical dx is rare in enzootic areas

A

T

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25
Q

w/c dx does not cause affected cattle to produce red urine or hematuria or hemoglobinuria

A

anaplasmosis

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26
Q

standard serologic test for anapasmosis

A

IFA (indirect immunofluorescence Ab assay)

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27
Q

anaplasmosis tx

A

tetra, imidocarb, estradiol cypionate, blood transfusion

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28
Q

other term for bovine babesiosis

A

redwater fever or cattle fever

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29
Q

state w/in clinical dx occurs rarely or not at all

A

endemic stability

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30
Q

T/F: complete tick elimination is not practical

A

T (so natural vax will be achieved)

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31
Q

most common piroplasms in PH

A

B. bovis and B. bigemina

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32
Q

w/c is more virulent? B. bovis or B. bigemina

A

bovis (coz it causes neurologic problems)

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33
Q

tx for bovine babesiosis

A

imidocarb, diminazene aceturate

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34
Q

T/F: bovine TB produces secondary caseous nodules

A

F - primary

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35
Q

T/F: reverse zoonotic is possible in bovine TB

A

T

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36
Q

other sources of bovine TB infxn (animal)

A

dog, cat

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37
Q

T/F: drinking milk from cattle infected w/ TB is safe

A

F - pasteurized milk (pasteurization temp kill tubercle bacilli)

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38
Q

primary MOT of TB

A

inhalation (#1 cause of mortality)

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39
Q

etiologic agent of bovine TB

A
  1. M. bovis (#1): ingestion of milk for humans; inhalation in animals
  2. M. tuberculosis
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40
Q

color of intestine and carcass of animals infected with TB

A
  1. cattle - yellow
  2. buffalo - white
  3. others - gray
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41
Q

TB test where you inject tuberculin PPD and detect swelling

A

SID (single intradermal test)

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42
Q

type of hypersensitivity of SID

A

type IV or delayed (48-96 hr)

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43
Q

T/F: max sensitivity is observed in the tail; max specificity is observed in the neck

A

F - baliktad

44
Q

T/F: SID cannot differentiate M. bovis/tuberculosis/avium

A

T

45
Q

TB test where you inject both avian and bovine tuberculin simultaneously

A

comparative intradermal test

46
Q

type of hypersensitivity of comparative intradermal test

A

type IV or delayed (72 hr)

47
Q

1 option for herd infected with TB

A

test and slaughter (if there is <5% incidence rate)

48
Q

TB vax

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin vax

49
Q

TB tx

A

isoniazid (humans and animals)

50
Q

other term for brucellosis

A

undulant fever (in humans), Mediterranean fever, abortus fever, contagious abortion, Bang’s dx, Malta fever

51
Q

characterized by septicemia followed by localization of infxn in the LN and genital organ

A

brucellosis

52
Q

etiologic agent of brucellosis

A

(found in placenta)
1. B. abortus - cattle
2. B. melitensis - goat
3. B. ovis - sheep

53
Q

T/F: brucellosis causes abortion in the early-mid stage of pregnancy

A

F - late (usually 3 mo)

54
Q

T/F: w/c Brucella is not zoonotic

A

B. ovis

55
Q

Brucella growth factor normally produced by fetus

A

erythritol

56
Q

source of periodic Brucella infxn in adult nonpregnant cattle

A

mammary gland

57
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of Brucella

A

bacterial culture and identification

58
Q

T/F: sexually mature animals are more prone to brucellosis

A

T

59
Q

T/F: vax program against B. abortus in cattle is effective but vax against B. melitensis in sheep is more difficult

A

T

60
Q

T/F: Bang’s dx risk is higher if the semen is used in AI vs embryo transfer

A

T

61
Q

protects embryo from viral pathogens

A

zona pellucida

62
Q

primary cause of undulant fever in humans

A

ingestion of raw milk

63
Q

T/F: animals recovered from brucellosis are considered reservoirs of the dx

A

T

64
Q

brucellosis test for large scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos

A

rose bengal test (positive indicator = solid clotting)

65
Q

best tx for B. abortus

A

none (unsuccessful due to inability to penetrate cells since Brucella is intracellular; antibiotic resistance)

66
Q

major source of B. ovis infection

A

male sheep (passive venereal infxn; direct ram-to-ram transfer)

67
Q

B. ovis tx

A

oxytet, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, culling, vax (B. melitensis strain Rev. 1)

68
Q

Brucella sp w/ high risk of bioterrorism/agroterrorism

A

B. melitensis (Malta or Mediterranean fever in humans)

69
Q

other term for fasciolosis

A

liver flukes, hepatic fascioliasis

70
Q

T/F: fasciolosis is zoonotic

A

T

71
Q

primary source of pasture contamination (fasciolosis)

A

sheep

72
Q

infective stage of Fasciola for mammal

A

metacercaria

73
Q

IH of Fasciola

A

lymnaeid snails

74
Q

infective stage for snails

A

miracidium

75
Q

Fasciola swimming stage

A

cercaria

76
Q

low amount of metacercaria = ______ infxn

A

chronic

77
Q

large amount of metacercaria = _______ infxn

A

acute

78
Q

F. hepatica = ______ region

A

cooler

79
Q

most reported Fasciola in PH

A

F. gigantica

80
Q

caused by young flukes in liver parenchyma

A

acute hepatic fasciolosis

81
Q

caused by adults in bile ducts

A

chronic hepatic fasciolosis

82
Q

form of fasciolosis that causes sudden death

A

acute fasciolosis

83
Q

intermediate form of fasciolosis in sheep

A

subacute fasciolosis

84
Q

form of fasciolosis that causes wool shedding

A

chronic fasciolosis

85
Q

T/F: acute fasciolosis causes hypochromic macrocytic anemia

A

F - normochromic anemia

86
Q

subacute/chronic fasciolosis causes ____________ anemia

A

hypochromic macrocytic

87
Q

T/F: fecalysis is not recommended in acute fasciolosis

A

T (flukes are still juvenile; no eggs)

88
Q

etiologic agent of black dx

A

C. novyi (causes generalized toxemia and hemolysis of blood; spores cause fasciola in liver parenchyma)

89
Q

Fasciolosis tx

A
  1. triclabendazole - all stages
  2. albendazole - ovicidal
90
Q

anti-trematode

A
  1. nitroxynil - adult and immature
  2. clorsulon, albendazole, rafoxanide, netobimin - adult
  3. copper sulfate or sodium pentachlorophenate - snail terminator but hazardous to sheep and humans
91
Q

other term for leptospirosis

A

Weil’s dx, enzootic jaundice, Red water

92
Q

T/F: leptospirosis is zoonotic

A

T

93
Q

T/F: lepto causes interstitial nephritis in cattle

A

T

94
Q

golden standard diagnostic test for lepto

A

MAT (microscopic agglutination test)

95
Q

other term for surra

A

trypanosomiasis

96
Q

etiologic agent of surra

A

Trypanosoma evansi (from tabanid and Stomoxys)

97
Q

Trypanosoma sp that attaches to endothelial cells

A

T. congolense

98
Q

Trypanosoma sp that invades tissues and causes damage

A

T. brucei, T. vivax

99
Q

w/c causes severe infxn? acute or chronic surra

A

acute

100
Q

tx for surra

A

diminazene aceturate, homidium bromide, isometamidium chloride, suramin

101
Q

T/F: not all serovars of Lepto are pathogenic and many are associated w/ a reservoir species in w/c little dx is apparent

A

T

102
Q

Many serovars are highly prevalent w/in maintenance host populations and persist in the ____ or _______

A

kidney or genital tract

103
Q

T/F: Leptospira infxn is more common in temperate areas

A

F - tropic (war and moist environment)

104
Q

T/F: Lepto maintenance hosts typically do not develop significant clinical dx

A

T (incidental hosts experience severe and acute)

105
Q

best available method to determine infecting serovar

A

bacterial culture

Ruminant Med - Prado (5 decks)

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