2nd mini test acids and base Flashcards
1
Q
what’s an acid
A
a substance that dissociates or ionizes into a H+ ion and an anion (negatively charged particle )
- hydrogen donor
- H+
2
Q
what’s a base
A
negatively charged particle looking to associate with H+
- also known as an alkali
- a hydrogen acceptor
3
Q
blood pH range
A
7.35-7.45
4
Q
acidosis
A
blood pH lower than 7.35=acidosis
–elevation in H+ (h+ is very acidic) AND decrease in HCO3- (because it’s very basic)
5
Q
alkalosis
A
blood pH is higher than 7.45=alkalosis
-decrease in H+ and an excess of HCO3
6
Q
Explain the role that the lungs and the kidneys play in maintaining the acid/base balanc
A
- Chemical reaction occurs in the bloodstream regulated by the lungs and kidney
- Hyperventilation: decreases CO2
- Hypoventilation: increases CO2
- Lungs and kidney regulate acid-base balance of blood stream
- Respiration
- Major stimulus for inhalation is CO2
- Chemoreceptors in blood vessels are responsive to CO2 in blood
- Respiratory center in the medulla stimulated by CO2 accumulation in blood
- Kidneys
- Kidneys can excrete H+ if in excess in the blood
- Kidneys can retain HCO3- if needed by blood
- Kidneys can retain H+ if needed by blood
- Kidneys can excrete HCO3- if blood has excess
- When lungs and kidney cannot maintain acid-base balance; any of the four acid-base imbalances can occur….
7
Q
list the 4 types of acid/base imbalance
A
- respiratory acidosis
- respiratory alkalosis
- metabolic acidosis
- metabolic alkalosis
8
Q
Describe arterial blood gases (ABGs) including what they measure and normal levels of each
A
- Primarily the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
- Measures oxygenation, acidity, and alkalinity
- Normal ABG values:
- PaO2: the pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (90 to 100 mm Hg)
- PaCO2: the pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (35 to 45 mm Hg)
- HCO3: the amount of bicarbonate ion in the blood (22 to 26 mEg/liter)
- SaO2: the saturation of Hgb with oxygen: 95% to 100%
