2nd Midterm Flashcards
What is unique about the T spine to limit its ROM
Rib attachments
What type of curve does the T spine form?
Kyphotic
Classifying a vertebra as Typical or Atypical in the Tspine region is based on what?
Their rib articulations
List the typical T spine Vertebrae
Atypical?
T2-T8 (and maybe T9)
T1 sometimes T9 & T10-T12
How many articular facets for rib attachments are found on a T spine vertebra?
4
What facets for rib attachments are larger? Where are they found on the vertebra?
Superior are larger found at the posterior/superior/lateral aspect of the bodies.
Where are the inferior demifacets found on the vertebra?
Posterior/inferior/lateral aspect of the bodies.
The demifacets allow for the articulations of the body to what part of the rib?
Rib Heads
Each rib will articulate in relation to the T spine how?
With the same numbered vertebrae’s superior demifacet as well as with the demifacet from the vertebra above
In what direction do the TPs of the T spine project?
Posterolaterally
The TPs of the T spine have a unique feature. What is it?
They have a transverse costal facet on the anterior aspect of the TPs that articulate with the articular facet located on the tubercle of the corresponding rib.
The superior facets of the Tspine face what directions?
Posterior, superior and slightly lateral
The inferior facets of the Tspine face what directions?
Anterior, inferior, and slightly medial.
What is unique about the spinous process of T5-T8
They slope the most posterior and inferior of all the T spine SPs
Compared to the vertebral canal of the C spine how would you describe the canal in the T spine region?
More rounded in shape.
What makes the superior border of the IVF in the T spine?
Inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above, which is deep
What makes the inferior border of the IVF in the Tspine?
Superior vertebral notch of the verteba below, which is shallow
The anterior border of the IVF in the Tspine is comprised of?
Postero-inferior portion of the vertebral body above, Postero-superior portion of the vertebral body below, posterior aspect of the IV disc in between the above bodies.
The posterior border of the IVF in the Tspine?
Inferior articular process of the vertebra above, superior articular process of the vertebra below, and the articular capsule.
Name the types of Costovertebral Articulations
Costocorporeal
Costotransverse
What structures of the Tspine vertebrae will form the socket for the head of the corresponding rib?
The larger superior costal demifacet of the vbody, together with the IV disc superior to it, and the smaller inferior costal demifacet of the vbody above
The crest of the rib head will articulate where on the Vbody?
Attaches to the IV disc between the two respective vertebral bodies
Where does the Costotransverse articulation actually articulate?
Between the articular facet of the rib on the rib tubercle and the Transverse Costal Facet of the same numbered TP
This vertebra could be the VP in some individuals it is a transitional vertebra with uncinate processes and the body is more rectangular than heart shaped. What V is it?
T1
This vertebra may or may not be atypical? Describe when it would be atypical
T9
Atypical when the two inferior demifacets are absent
This vertebra usually has two superior full facets and NO inferior demifacets
T10
T or F
T10 TP doesn’t always have a transverse costal facet
True
These T spine vertebra does NOT have transverse costal facets on the TP’s
T11
T12
This vertebra on its superior articular process has a homologue of the mammillary process of the lumbar, and at its TP base, has a homologue of the accessory process of the lumbar vertebrae
T12
What ligament limits extension?
ALL
What ligament is located between the laminae and limits flexion?
Ligamentum Flavum
What movement do the interspinous ligaments limit?
Flexion
Name all the ligaments that limit flexion
PLL
Ligamentum Flavum
Interspinous Ligaments
What ligament is a downward continuation of the Ligamentum Nuchae?
Supraspinous Ligament
These ligaments will support the Zygapophyseal joints…
Capsular Ligaments.
What is the name of the joint where a rib head articulates with 2 demifacets?
Costocorporeal Joint
The Capsular ligaments of the Costocorporeal joints surround 2 distinct compartments. What are they?
- Where the rib head articulates with the superior demifacet of the corresponding vertebra
- Where the rib head articulates with the vertebra above.
What ligament separates the two compartments of the Costocorporeal Joints?
The intra-articular ligament.
What ligament will connect the crest of the rib head to the IV discs? Where are they found in the body?
Intra-Articular Ligaments
They are found only at levels where the rib attaches to the IV discs between 2 demifacets.
The radiate ligaments have how many sets of fibers?
3
Superior
Inferior
Horizontal
What fiber of the radiate ligaments extends between the anterior aspect of the rib head and the IV disc in between the 2 vertebrae?
Horizontal
The inferior fibres of the radiate ligaments extend between where and where?
The anterior aspect of the rib head and the vertebral body below.
In what type of vertebrae do the radiating ligaments only have one set of fibres that attach the vertebra with which the rib articulates?
Atypical vertebrae with superior full facets.
Where do we not see Capsular ligaments?
T11 or T12 because there are no Costotransverse joints.
Name the ligaments between the Transverse Costal Facet on the TP and the Facet on the Rib Tubercle:
Capsular
Medial Costotransverse
Lateral Costotransverse
Superior Costotransverse Ligaments
What is the ligament that is located between the posterior aspect of the rib neck and the anterior aspect of the adjacent TP?
Medial Costotransverse Ligament
The Superior Costotransverse ligaments are between what structures?
The superior aspect of the rib neck and the inferior aspect of the TP above.
The Superior costotransverse ligaments are divided into 2 parts. Please describe them.
Anterior: Angles slightly more laterally
Posterior: Angles slightly more medially
What are the typical lumbar vertebrae?
L1-L4
What shape are the bodies of the Lspine?
Kidney-shaped when viewed superiorly
Is the superior to inferior height in the Lspine vertebral bodies greater on the posterior or the anterior side?
Anterior
In what direction does the Superior Articular Process in the Lspine face?
Posteromedially
What structure is unique in the Lspine?
Mammillary Process - small tubercles located on the posterior aspect of each superior articular process.
T or F
The inferior articular process in the L spine are concave and directed Anterolaterally?
False! Convex
Are the articular facets in the Lspine oriented in the horizontal or vertical plane?
Vertical - allowing for flexion and extension
What is Pars Interarticularis?
The region located between the superior and inferior articular processes. This is unique to the lumbar region.
What is the largest vertebral body of the entire spine?
L5
Describe the articulations of the Superior band of the Iliolumbar ligament
Extends from L5 TP (sometimes L4 TP) to the Iliac Crest Superior and Anterior to Sacroiliac articulation. It is continuous with Thoracolumbar Fascia.
What is the inferior band of the iliolumbar ligament called?
Lumbosacral Ligament
The lumbosacral ligament extends from where to where?
The anterior and inferior aspect of the L5 TP down and blends into the Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
This is a general term for degenerative changes due to Osteoarthritis
Spondylosis
Degenerative Joint Disease affects what parts of the spine?
Vertebral Joints
IV Discs
Joint’s Capsules & associated ligaments.
Name the condition marked by Platyspondylia (congenital flattening of vertebral bodies) or Aplasia of the vertebral arch and separation of the pars interarticularis.
Spondylolysis
What is Spondylolisthesis?
listhesis = slippage
The body of the vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below (anterolisthesis)
In backward slippage of the vertebra above over the vertebra below (retrolithesis)
What is the downward displacement of a vertebra in consequence of destruction or softening of the vertebra below called?
Spondylizema
The scotty dog shape is roughly seen on what aspect of a radiograph of the lumbar region?
Posterolateral
The sacrum is formed by the fusion of how many separate sacral segments?
5
What part of the sacrum is made of the first and largest sacral segment?
Sacral Base
The sacral ala are directed how in space from the base of the Sacrum?
Laterally
What is the anterior lip of the sacral base called that projects forward?
Sacral Promontory
What shape is the sacral canal?
Triangular
Where does the sacral canal end?
inferiorly as the Sacral Hiatus
The superior articular processes belong to what sacral segment?
1st
The superior articular facets face what direction to properly articulate with the inferior articular facets of L5
Posteromedially
Describe Facet Tropism
A condition in which one articular processes is in coronal plane (out of line) and the other one is in Sagittal plane (normal)
What side of the sacrum is concave and relatively smooth?
Anterior or Pelvic Surface
What is a distinct feature of the Pelvic Surface of the Sacrum?
Transverse Lines: 4 horizontal lines that represent the fusion of the five Sacral Segments. These are remnant of local IV discs.
What structures run through the Anterior Sacral Foramina?
Ventral Primary Rami or Anterior Primary Divisions of Sacral Spinal Nerves
What structures fuse together to make the Median Sacral Crest?
The SPs
What part of the posterior surface of the sacrum is a continuous row of tubercles homologous to the Articular Processes of other vertebrae?
Intermediate Sacral Crests
The sacral grooves are homologous to what structure of other vertebrae?
Sacral Grooves
What structure of the sacrum is homologous to the TPs of other vertebrae?
Lateral Sacral Crest
