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Spinal Anatomy > 2nd Midterm > Flashcards

2nd Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the T spine to limit its ROM

A

Rib attachments

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2
Q

What type of curve does the T spine form?

A

Kyphotic

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3
Q

Classifying a vertebra as Typical or Atypical in the Tspine region is based on what?

A

Their rib articulations

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4
Q

List the typical T spine Vertebrae

Atypical?

A

T2-T8 (and maybe T9)

T1 sometimes T9 & T10-T12

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5
Q

How many articular facets for rib attachments are found on a T spine vertebra?

A

4

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6
Q

What facets for rib attachments are larger? Where are they found on the vertebra?

A

Superior are larger found at the posterior/superior/lateral aspect of the bodies.

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7
Q

Where are the inferior demifacets found on the vertebra?

A

Posterior/inferior/lateral aspect of the bodies.

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8
Q

The demifacets allow for the articulations of the body to what part of the rib?

A

Rib Heads

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9
Q

Each rib will articulate in relation to the T spine how?

A

With the same numbered vertebrae’s superior demifacet as well as with the demifacet from the vertebra above

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10
Q

In what direction do the TPs of the T spine project?

A

Posterolaterally

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11
Q

The TPs of the T spine have a unique feature. What is it?

A

They have a transverse costal facet on the anterior aspect of the TPs that articulate with the articular facet located on the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

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12
Q

The superior facets of the Tspine face what directions?

A

Posterior, superior and slightly lateral

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13
Q

The inferior facets of the Tspine face what directions?

A

Anterior, inferior, and slightly medial.

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14
Q

What is unique about the spinous process of T5-T8

A

They slope the most posterior and inferior of all the T spine SPs

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15
Q

Compared to the vertebral canal of the C spine how would you describe the canal in the T spine region?

A

More rounded in shape.

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16
Q

What makes the superior border of the IVF in the T spine?

A

Inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above, which is deep

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17
Q

What makes the inferior border of the IVF in the Tspine?

A

Superior vertebral notch of the verteba below, which is shallow

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18
Q

The anterior border of the IVF in the Tspine is comprised of?

A

Postero-inferior portion of the vertebral body above, Postero-superior portion of the vertebral body below, posterior aspect of the IV disc in between the above bodies.

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19
Q

The posterior border of the IVF in the Tspine?

A

Inferior articular process of the vertebra above, superior articular process of the vertebra below, and the articular capsule.

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20
Q

Name the types of Costovertebral Articulations

A

Costocorporeal

Costotransverse

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21
Q

What structures of the Tspine vertebrae will form the socket for the head of the corresponding rib?

A

The larger superior costal demifacet of the vbody, together with the IV disc superior to it, and the smaller inferior costal demifacet of the vbody above

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22
Q

The crest of the rib head will articulate where on the Vbody?

A

Attaches to the IV disc between the two respective vertebral bodies

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23
Q

Where does the Costotransverse articulation actually articulate?

A

Between the articular facet of the rib on the rib tubercle and the Transverse Costal Facet of the same numbered TP

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24
Q

This vertebra could be the VP in some individuals it is a transitional vertebra with uncinate processes and the body is more rectangular than heart shaped. What V is it?

A

T1

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25
Q

This vertebra may or may not be atypical? Describe when it would be atypical

A

T9

Atypical when the two inferior demifacets are absent

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26
Q

This vertebra usually has two superior full facets and NO inferior demifacets

A

T10

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27
Q

T or F

T10 TP doesn’t always have a transverse costal facet

A

True

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28
Q

These T spine vertebra does NOT have transverse costal facets on the TP’s

A

T11

T12

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29
Q

This vertebra on its superior articular process has a homologue of the mammillary process of the lumbar, and at its TP base, has a homologue of the accessory process of the lumbar vertebrae

A

T12

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30
Q

What ligament limits extension?

A

ALL

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31
Q

What ligament is located between the laminae and limits flexion?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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32
Q

What movement do the interspinous ligaments limit?

A

Flexion

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33
Q

Name all the ligaments that limit flexion

A

PLL
Ligamentum Flavum
Interspinous Ligaments

34
Q

What ligament is a downward continuation of the Ligamentum Nuchae?

A

Supraspinous Ligament

35
Q

These ligaments will support the Zygapophyseal joints…

A

Capsular Ligaments.

36
Q

What is the name of the joint where a rib head articulates with 2 demifacets?

A

Costocorporeal Joint

37
Q

The Capsular ligaments of the Costocorporeal joints surround 2 distinct compartments. What are they?

A
  1. Where the rib head articulates with the superior demifacet of the corresponding vertebra
  2. Where the rib head articulates with the vertebra above.
38
Q

What ligament separates the two compartments of the Costocorporeal Joints?

A

The intra-articular ligament.

39
Q

What ligament will connect the crest of the rib head to the IV discs? Where are they found in the body?

A

Intra-Articular Ligaments

They are found only at levels where the rib attaches to the IV discs between 2 demifacets.

40
Q

The radiate ligaments have how many sets of fibers?

A

3
Superior
Inferior
Horizontal

41
Q

What fiber of the radiate ligaments extends between the anterior aspect of the rib head and the IV disc in between the 2 vertebrae?

A

Horizontal

42
Q

The inferior fibres of the radiate ligaments extend between where and where?

A

The anterior aspect of the rib head and the vertebral body below.

43
Q

In what type of vertebrae do the radiating ligaments only have one set of fibres that attach the vertebra with which the rib articulates?

A

Atypical vertebrae with superior full facets.

44
Q

Where do we not see Capsular ligaments?

A

T11 or T12 because there are no Costotransverse joints.

45
Q

Name the ligaments between the Transverse Costal Facet on the TP and the Facet on the Rib Tubercle:

A

Capsular
Medial Costotransverse
Lateral Costotransverse
Superior Costotransverse Ligaments

46
Q

What is the ligament that is located between the posterior aspect of the rib neck and the anterior aspect of the adjacent TP?

A

Medial Costotransverse Ligament

47
Q

The Superior Costotransverse ligaments are between what structures?

A

The superior aspect of the rib neck and the inferior aspect of the TP above.

48
Q

The Superior costotransverse ligaments are divided into 2 parts. Please describe them.

A

Anterior: Angles slightly more laterally
Posterior: Angles slightly more medially

49
Q

What are the typical lumbar vertebrae?

A

L1-L4

50
Q

What shape are the bodies of the Lspine?

A

Kidney-shaped when viewed superiorly

51
Q

Is the superior to inferior height in the Lspine vertebral bodies greater on the posterior or the anterior side?

A

Anterior

52
Q

In what direction does the Superior Articular Process in the Lspine face?

A

Posteromedially

53
Q

What structure is unique in the Lspine?

A

Mammillary Process - small tubercles located on the posterior aspect of each superior articular process.

54
Q

T or F

The inferior articular process in the L spine are concave and directed Anterolaterally?

A

False! Convex

55
Q

Are the articular facets in the Lspine oriented in the horizontal or vertical plane?

A

Vertical - allowing for flexion and extension

56
Q

What is Pars Interarticularis?

A

The region located between the superior and inferior articular processes. This is unique to the lumbar region.

57
Q

What is the largest vertebral body of the entire spine?

A

L5

58
Q

Describe the articulations of the Superior band of the Iliolumbar ligament

A

Extends from L5 TP (sometimes L4 TP) to the Iliac Crest Superior and Anterior to Sacroiliac articulation. It is continuous with Thoracolumbar Fascia.

59
Q

What is the inferior band of the iliolumbar ligament called?

A

Lumbosacral Ligament

60
Q

The lumbosacral ligament extends from where to where?

A

The anterior and inferior aspect of the L5 TP down and blends into the Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament

61
Q

This is a general term for degenerative changes due to Osteoarthritis

A

Spondylosis

62
Q

Degenerative Joint Disease affects what parts of the spine?

A

Vertebral Joints
IV Discs
Joint’s Capsules & associated ligaments.

63
Q

Name the condition marked by Platyspondylia (congenital flattening of vertebral bodies) or Aplasia of the vertebral arch and separation of the pars interarticularis.

A

Spondylolysis

64
Q

What is Spondylolisthesis?

A

listhesis = slippage
The body of the vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below (anterolisthesis)
In backward slippage of the vertebra above over the vertebra below (retrolithesis)

65
Q

What is the downward displacement of a vertebra in consequence of destruction or softening of the vertebra below called?

A

Spondylizema

66
Q

The scotty dog shape is roughly seen on what aspect of a radiograph of the lumbar region?

A

Posterolateral

67
Q

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of how many separate sacral segments?

A

5

68
Q

What part of the sacrum is made of the first and largest sacral segment?

A

Sacral Base

69
Q

The sacral ala are directed how in space from the base of the Sacrum?

A

Laterally

70
Q

What is the anterior lip of the sacral base called that projects forward?

A

Sacral Promontory

71
Q

What shape is the sacral canal?

A

Triangular

72
Q

Where does the sacral canal end?

A

inferiorly as the Sacral Hiatus

73
Q

The superior articular processes belong to what sacral segment?

A

1st

74
Q

The superior articular facets face what direction to properly articulate with the inferior articular facets of L5

A

Posteromedially

75
Q

Describe Facet Tropism

A

A condition in which one articular processes is in coronal plane (out of line) and the other one is in Sagittal plane (normal)

76
Q

What side of the sacrum is concave and relatively smooth?

A

Anterior or Pelvic Surface

77
Q

What is a distinct feature of the Pelvic Surface of the Sacrum?

A

Transverse Lines: 4 horizontal lines that represent the fusion of the five Sacral Segments. These are remnant of local IV discs.

78
Q

What structures run through the Anterior Sacral Foramina?

A

Ventral Primary Rami or Anterior Primary Divisions of Sacral Spinal Nerves

79
Q

What structures fuse together to make the Median Sacral Crest?

A

The SPs

80
Q

What part of the posterior surface of the sacrum is a continuous row of tubercles homologous to the Articular Processes of other vertebrae?

A

Intermediate Sacral Crests

81
Q

The sacral grooves are homologous to what structure of other vertebrae?

A

Sacral Grooves

82
Q

What structure of the sacrum is homologous to the TPs of other vertebrae?

A

Lateral Sacral Crest

Spinal Anatomy (3 decks)

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