2nd lecture - orbitals Flashcards
electrons can be described as
waves
particles
electrons have what duality
wave-particle duality
what can we not be sure of for wave/particles
position + momentum
more we know about one, the less we know about the other
why cant we know the position and momentum of an e-
when we look at it, the light energy being reflect off it changes the e- momentum due to the increase of energy from the light.
where are electrons found and why is it not in orbits
orbits: e- would have a precise position and path
e- are found in orbitals
what is an orbital
a region where the probability of finding an electron is high
what is a wave equation
an equation that describes a wave.
eg: sin equation will always give the same shape of wave.
what does the schrodinger equation tell u
how a particle behaves
where an e- is gonna go
probability distribution in space
what is the wavefunction
mathematical description of an e-
equivalent to the y axis on the sin wave
cannot be measured
amplitude of the equation at a given value when the schrodinger equation gives the wave
what do we use instead of psi (wave function)
wave function^2
gives a positive number
what is wavefunction^2
probability of finding an e- at xyz
useful in predicting how e- interact with other atoms in bonds
quantum number n
principle quantum number
what integers can n be
1
2
3
4 etc
not 0
what does the principle quantum number determine
size and energy of the orbital
what does a larger principle quantum number mean
its further away from the nucleus
quantum number l
azimuthal quantum number
what does the l number represent
angular momentum quantum number
what values can l be
0 and others
depends on n
can be any number up till n
n=2 l= 0,1
what does the azimuthal quantum number l represent
determines the shape
quantum number Ml
magnetic quantum number
what integers can the magnetic quantum number be
positive and negative
l=2. Ml can be: -2,-1,0,1,2
what does the magnetic quantum number determine
orientation of orbital relative to the Cartesian axis
what do the quantum numbers add up to describe
orbitals
solutions to the schrodinger equation for the H atom
distribution of electrons
name what azimuthal number corresponds to each orbital
0= s
1= p
2= d
3= f
4= g
what is the 3p orbital in quantum numbers
n=3
l=1
summary
orbitals are areas where there is a probability of finding an e-
schrodinger equation gives us orbitals
wavefunction is given by schrodinger
orbitals are described by quantum numbers: n, l, ml
