2ND EXAM TERMINOLOGY

Question 1

Climax Vegetation

Answer 1

final stage of plants succession.

Question 2

Primary Sucession

Answer 2

Start from bare ground and open water.

Question 3

Secondary Sucession

Answer 3

replacement of one plant community by another towards the climax vegetation after some type of disturbance such as fire or destructive grazing.

Question 4

Retrogression

Answer 4

Vegetation changes away from the climax vegetation, usually caused by some type of disturbance.

Question 5

Ecology

Answer 5

The study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment.

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

An area with similar ecological characteristics which humans have placed boundaries for management purposes.

Question 7

Abiotic Componets

Answer 7

Mainly of the soil and climatic factors and are not usually manipulated by the range manager.

Question 8

Phenology

Answer 8

the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced
by seasonal and interannual variations in climate
-
this i
s improtant since some plants are more
susceptible to herbivory at certain phenological stages, such as flowering.

Question 9

Autogenic Succession

Answer 9

Changes in plant community composition that is caused by the community itself.

Question 10

Controlling Factors

Answer 10

Climate, biotic materials, and geologic materials on a particular site.

Question 11

Allogenic Succession

Answer 11

Forces other than the community cause succession such as climate change, grazing, fire, floor, farming, etc.

Question 12

Dependant Factors

Answer 12

Properties of micro-climate, soils, vegetation, decomposers, transformer, and reducers on a particular site.

Question 13

Periodicity

Answer 13

Different plant species make peak moisture or nutrient demands at different times during the growing seasons. Periodically typically increases with succession advance.

Question 14

Stratification

Answer 14

Formation or deposition of layers, as of rock or sediments.

Question 15

Biotic Component

Answer 15

Often are divided into producers, consumers,and decomposers.

Question 16

Primary Producers

Answer 16

Plants with the pigment chlorophyll, which is responsible for converting solar energy to chemical energy that can then be used by the plant itself.

Question 17

Primary Consumers

Answer 17

An animal that eats grass and other green plants in a food chain; an herbivore.

Question 18

Secondary Comsumers

Answer 18

An animal that feeds on smaller plant-eating animals in a food chain.

Question 19

Decomposers

Answer 19

They function primarily in the decomposition process and are responsible for preventing accumulation of organic matter.

Question 20

Herbivores

Answer 20

Animals that eat plants.

Question 21

Carnivores

Answer 21

A flesh-eating animal.

Question 22

Biomass

Answer 22

The total amount of living plants and animals above and below grounds in an area at a given time.

Question 23

Herbage

Answer 23

The above ground material of any herbaceous plant.

Question 24

Browse(noun)

Answer 24

The part of the shrub, woody vines, and trees available for animal consumption.

Question 25

Forage(noun)

Answer 25

Browse and herbage that is available and may provide food for grazing animals or be harvested for feeding.

Question 26

Mast(noun)

Answer 26

Hard mast consists of acorns, beechnuts and other tree seeds. Soft mast consists of
catkins, berries, rose hips, etc.
This is very important winter food for animals like deer,
swine,
and rodents.

Question 27

Palatability

Answer 27

The relish with which a particular species or plant part is consumed by an animal.

Question 28

Allelopathy

Answer 28

Chemical inhibition of one organism by another.