2nd Exam Flashcards
Health indicators
(SARPIMAHA): safe drinking water and sanitation, adequate nutrition, immunization against major infectious diseases of childhood, reduction of communicable diseases, prevention of noncommunicable diseases through healthy lifestyles, maternal and child health care including family planning, health education for preventing and controlling health problems, availability of essential drugs, access to medical treatment
Determinants of health
(SHEPHDD): Socio-cultural dimensions, historical context, economic resources, political set-up, health insurance policies, demographics, disease epidemiology
Risk of developing the disease during and after a period of time
Incidence rate
Proportion of the population suffering from the disease at a given instant of time
Prevalence rate
Current status quo of a given disease (old and new cases)
Prevalence rate
Killing power of a disease
Case fatality rate
Reflects care given to patients
Case fatality rate
Average life expectancy at birth
70.5
True or false: the trend of the rising life expectancy comes the increase in the occurrence of degenerative diseases and disabilities
True
Refers to the average number of births that a woman would have at the end of her reproductive life
Total fertility rate (TFR)
An important indicator in assessing the impact of programs on family planning and reproductive behavior
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Deaths of women during pregnancy, at childbirth, or in the period after childbirth
Maternal mortality rate (MMR)
Main causes of maternal deaths
Hypertension, postpartum hemmorhage
Millennium development goal 1
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Refers to the proportion of population or families living below the subsistence or food threshold
Extreme poverty
Vital indices
Crude birth rate, crude death rate
Disease indices
Measures of morbidity, measures of mortality
Measures of morbidity
Incidence rate, prevalence rate
Measures of mortality
Cause specific mortality rate, age-specific mortality rate, case fatality rate
Measure of fertility
Crude birth rate
Risk of dying from any cause
Crude death rate
Risk of dying from a specific disease
Cause-specific mortality rate
Risk of dying in a specific age group
Age-specific mortality rate
Top two leading causes of morbidity
- Acute lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia
2. Bronchitis/Beonchiolitis
Top two leading causes of mortality by sex
- Heart diseases
2. Vascular system diseases
Top cause of Infant mortality
Bacterial sepsis of newborn
A clear statement of intent that defines specific guidelines for adoption by specific institutions to achieve health objectives
Health policy
Two types of health policies
Public policy, authoritative decisions
True or False
Health policies affect or influence groups or classes of individuals or organizations
Health Policy should be…
- Aligned with international commitments, national directives and health agenda
- Evidence-based
- Disseminated to stakeholders upon approval
- Monitored in terms of implementation and performance
Outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups
Health Policy
True or False: Health Policy builds consensus and informs people and also defines a vision for the future
True
Goal of Health Policies
To provide access to quality care at an affordable cost
Difference between public and private policymaking
Public policy- established by the gov’t (ex DOH)
Private policy- established by private organizations (ex NGO’s)
4 forms of public health policies
- Laws
- Rules/Regulations
- Operational Decisions
- Judicial Decisions
5 Typology of Health laws
- R.Ay congress
- IRR or RA
- DOH AO
- EO
- PO
Where do legislations, A.O.’s, E.O.’s emanate?
- DOH
- Office of the Pres and cabinet
- The senate and lower house of congress
- Civil society groups
Two kinds of health policy formulation
Rational and Irrational
Kind of health policy formulation wherein the personal agenda of a senator or congress representative is taken into account
Irrational
In policy formulation, it is important to identify decision makers and influencers. True or False
True
Groups with power to influence policy
Stakeholders
