2ND EXAM Flashcards
child’s capacity to live independently of its mother after it has left the womb
viability
is the expulsion of a living fetus from the mother’s womb before it is viable
abortion
the expulsion of the fetus through natural or accidental causes
natural abortion
refers to the deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus before it become viable
intentional abortion
deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus in order to save the mother from the danger of death brought by pregnancy
therapeutic abortion
is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered in accordance with the law for the establishment of conjugal and family life
marriage
is defined as deliberately putting to death, in an easy, painless way, of an individual suffering from an incurable condition
euthanasia
means slow and painful death without quality of life
dysthanasia
is the way in which we express ourselves and we experience as sexual beings
human sexuality
key factors in Christian sexual ethics
marriage
procreation
it teaches us that there is a universal human nature established by God
catholicism
is sexual activity between two people who are not married to each other
premarital ex
is sex occuring outside marriage, usually referring to when a married person engages sexual activity with someone other than their marriage partner
extramarital sex
defined as the voluntary prevention of conception by the positive use of artificial means which hinder the generative cells from uniting during the sexual act
contraception
moral issue of contraception
the rightness or wrongness of the use of various methods by which conception can be prevented in conjugal union
consists of depositing a man’s semen in the vagina, cervical canal, or uterus through the use of instruments to bring about conception unattained or unattainable by sexual intercourse
artificial insemination
in which semen is obtained from the husband himself
homologous insemination (AIH)
a technique used to facilitate human conception through the transfer into a woman’s vagina of the sperm previously extracted from her husband
homologous artificial insemination
sometimes called “do it yourself” AI
homologous artificial insemination
a technique used to facilitate a human conception through in vitro fertilization of the generative cells
homologous IVF and ET
a technique in which the semen is acquired from a donor other than the husband
heterologous (AID)
the technique used to obtain a human conception through the transfer into the genital tracts of the wife of the sperm previously extracted from a donor other than a husband
heterologous artificial insemination
is the technique used to obtain a human conception through in vitro fertilization of the sperm and egg taken from at least one donor other than the two spouses in marriage
heterologous IVF and Et
is a biomedical techniques whereby a fertilized ovum is implanted into the uterus of another woman who will carry the baby to term either a a favor or for free
surrogate motherhood
means substitute, from the Latin surrogatus “in place of another”
surrogate
another form of the commodification of women’s bodies
surrogacy
this is recommended in case where certain defects are discovered in the developing fetus
eugenic abortion
the removal of the fetus occurs as the secondary effect of legitimate or licit actions, which is the direct and primary object of intention
indirect abortion
is the disapproving view of abortion, “from the moment of conception, the life of every human being is to be respected in an absolute way because man is the only creature on earth that God has wished for himself”
prolife position
means worthiness and nobility
dignity
a person is dead when the heart has stopped beating
death
means the separation of body and soul
death
refer to a condition in which the brain is completely destroyed, and in which the cessation of function of all other organs are imminent and inevitable
brain death
there refers to the disintegration and breakdown of the metabolic processes of the body’s substance
death
terminally ill patient will deliberately, directly terminate his life by employing painless methods
active/positive euthanasia
it is an act of commission insofar as it is voluntary and deliberate
active/positive euthanasia
in which one allows oneself to die without taking any medicine or by refusing medical treatment
passive or negative euthansia
is an act of omission as one simply refuses to take anything to sustain life
passive/negative euthanasia
physician assisted suicide entails making lethal means available to the patient to be used at a time of the patient’s own choosing
assisted suicide
where the sick person wishes to terminate their own life but needs help to carry out this act
assisted suicide
also known as bitterness or aggressive therapy as it takes into the account of the dying
dysthanasia
a normal or natural manner of death and dying, sometimes used to denote the deliberate stopping of artificial or heroic means of maintaining life
orthothanasia
are legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about end of life care ahead of time
advance directives
is a medical order written by a doctor. It instructs health care providers not to do CPR
DNR
is the clear description of the dilemma and the circumstances revolving around it
problem definition
during this phase of ethical decision making process includes a review of ethical codes, published evidence based practices, declaratory statements, professional position papers and the prof literature
data collection
as a systematic investigation to find answers to questions or to solve problems or to test theories
research
it is something that furnishes proof or testimony or something legally submitted to ascertain in the truth of matter
evidence
it is systematic interconnecting of scientifically generated evidence with the tacit knowledge of the expert practitioner to achieve a change in a particular practice for the benefit of a well
evidence based practice
it is a process by which nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research evidence, their clinical expertise and patient preferences
evidence based nursing
is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses, and reporting of clinical trials
good clinical practice
aimed to protect human subjects from enduring the kind of cruelty and exploitation
nuremberg code
a statement of ethical principles to provide guidance to physicians and other participants in medical research involving human subjects
declaration of helsinki
was issued in april 1979 by the national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
belmont report
this principles acknowledges the dignity and freedom of every person. It requires obtaining informed consent from research subjects
respect for persons
this principle requires that researchers maximize benefits and minimize harms associated with research
beneficence
this principle requires equitable selection and recruitment and fair treatment of research subjects
justice
the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, family, group, community, or population
provision 1
the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population
provision 2
the nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient
provision 3
the nurse has the authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice; makes decisions, and takes action consistent with the obligation to provide optimal patient care
provision 4
the nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve the wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth
provision 5
the nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality healthcare
provision 6
the nurse in all roles and settings, advances the profession through research and scholarly injury, professional standards development and the generation of both nursing and health policy
provision 7
the nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy, and reduce health policy
provision 8
the profession of nursing collectively through its professional organization must articulate nursing values, maintain the integrity of the profession, and integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy
provision 9
is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses, and reporting of clinical trials
good clinical practice
it serves to protect the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects
good clinical practice
provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trials subjects are respected and protected
good clinical practice
is the historical account of the patient/provider encounter and serves as a legal document for the use in legal proceedings
medical record
clinical staff have a professional obligation to maintain documentation that is clear, concise, and comprehensive as an accurate and true record of care
comprehensive and complete record
documentation is patient centered, patient focused. collaborative, and appropriate to the setting in which the care is provided and the purpose for which the information recorded
patient centered and collaborative
documentation systems will ensure and maintain patient confidentiality in all care settings
ensure and maintain confidentiality
