2.kol Flashcards
adjective phrases, functions
acts as an adjective by describing a noun
functions: modifier- attributive f.; and complement- predicative f.
adverb phrase, functions
adv+other words
functions: modifier in adjective or adverbial phrases- he is exceptionally bright
adverbial- they sang unexpectedly well
prepositional phrases, funct.
prep.+complement
func: adverbial- he retired (after 3 minor heart attacks)
noun postmodifier- he was ( a man (with a bad history))
complement of an adjective - he is still (angry (about sth.))
multi word verbs, explain all
phrasal, prep., phr-prep., free comb.
1- v+particle, usually prep. or adverb- adverb cannot be separated from the v or fronted- idiomatic meaning
2- v+prep.- prep used to introduce Do- always inseparable
3- v+part.+prep.
4- adverbs can be separated and fronted
examples of formal and informal verbs
she is gunning for me,
he will attend to your request
subject-syntactically and semantically
synt.-typically a n.phrase, occurs with all types of verbs
precedes the verb and determines its number
in passive, s is moved after the verbs and preceded by “by”
semant.- agent, external causer, instrument, affected role, recipient, experiencer, positioner subject, eventive subject, prop it subject
object-synt. and semant.
typically a noun phrase, follows a verb, in passive takes the role of subject, only with transitive verbs, there are direct and indirect, direct can be mono, di, complex
semant.- affected, locative, resultant, stimulus object, cognate obj., eventive o., indirect o. (recipient and affected indirect o.)
complements
subject and object complements, they both are either a noun p., adj.phr., or prep.phr.
subject c. relates to subject, describes the subject and follows a linking verb
object c.- described the object, appears after the O, provides info about dO
adverbials and obligatory adv.
they give more info about a V
can be used with any type of verbs
adverb phrases, noun phrases and prep.phr.
final, initial or medial position
indicate time. place, manner, reason, cause, emphasis..
obligatory adverbials are crucial to complete the meaning of the verb
copular verbs
complex t.v.
verb complementation
gramnmatical patterns that follow a verb and complete its meaning
intransitive- doesnt take an O
monotransitive,- take 1 O - S V DO
ditransitive,- take 2 O- S V IO DO
complex- take DO and a Oc or adverbial
and copular- join togehther the subject and an adj or Sc - express that S and Sc are the same things or that the Sc cariies the property of the S
they dont express action
grammatical concord
agreement in the number between the subject and the verb- he watches tv- they watch tv
notional concrod
agreement according to the idea of number ratrher than the actual presence of a grammatical number
the government have broken all their promises
the principle of the proximity
agreement of the verb with a noun or a pronoun that clearly precedes it
his supporters agree with him
subject complement concord
agreement in number between the s and sc
my dad is an engineer
my parents are engineers
obj. complement concord
agreement in number between o and oc
she considers her child an angel
she considers her children angels
