2.HT Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Flashcards
1
Q
- what is the equation of the energy of electromagnetic radiation
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2
Q
- what is the equation for the speed of electromagnetic radiation
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3
Q
- what is the equation relating the speed to the permittivity and permeability of free space
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4
Q
- what is the equation for the energy of photons
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5
Q
- what is the equation for the linear momentum of photons
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6
Q
- what is the equation for the (spin) angular momentum of photons
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7
Q
- what are the units of wavelength
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8
Q
- what are the units of frequency
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9
Q
- what are the units of energy
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10
Q
- what are the units of wavenumber
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11
Q
- define the Born Oppenheimer approximation
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12
Q
- define Boltzman’s Law?
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13
Q
- write the equation for stimulated absorption and its associated rate
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14
Q
- define Planck’s Law
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15
Q
- write the equation for stimulated emission and its associated rate
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16
Q
- write the equation for spontaneous emission and its associated rate
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17
Q
- derive the Einstein coefficients
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18
Q
- what are the three conditions for non-zero transition probability
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19
Q
- define the transition dipole moments
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20
Q
- define the dipole moment operator
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21
Q
- write an expression for the transition intensity related to transition dipole moment
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22
Q
- define the Einstein coefficient B21
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23
Q
- define Fermi’s Golden Rule
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24
Q
- what is the Hamiltonian for single-electron atom
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25
Q
- what is the equation for the energy of a single-electron atom
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26
Q
- draw the Grotrian diagram for H-atom
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27
Q
- what are the selection rules that apply to single-electron atom
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28
Q
- what is the equation for the wavenumber of a transition in a single-electron atom
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29
Q
- explain the origin of the angular momentum selection rule
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30
Q
- what is the Hamiltonian for multiple-electron atom
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31
Q
- what is the Orbital Approximation
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32
Q
- what are the issues with the Orbital approximation
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33
Q
* SPECTRA OF ALKALI METALS*
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34
Q
- draw the Grotrian diagram for Na atom and include any relevant selection rules
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35
Q
- what is ns –> np transition called
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36
Q
- what is np –> ns transition called
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37
Q
- what is nd –> np transition called
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38
Q
- what is nf –> nd transition called
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39
Q
- what is the equation for the energy of energy of a multiple-electron atom
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40
Q
- what is spin-orbit coupling
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41
Q
*** derive an expression for the energy of spin-orbit coupled
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42
Q
- draw the fine structure splitting for 2P level system
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43
Q
- what is the selection rule on j transitions for multiple-electron atom
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44
Q
- what is the degeneracy of the j states
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45
Q
- what is the general form of atomic term symbol
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46
Q
- how does Russel-Saunders Coupling work
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47
Q
- define the Pauli principle
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48
Q
- what does the Pauli principle mean for the symmetry of fermions with respect to exchange
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49
Q
- what does the Pauli principle mean for the symmetry of bosons with respect to exchange
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50
Q
- draw the spin states of singlet spin wavefunction
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51
Q
- draw the spin states of triplet spin wavefunction
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52
Q
- what is meant by electron correlation
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53
Q
- what is Hund’s first rule and how does it link to Fermi hole/heap concept
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54
Q
- what causes the degeneracy of singlet and triplet spin states to be lifted
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55
Q
- draw the Grotrian diagram for He and the relevant selection rules
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56
Q
- draw the configuration, terms, levels and states of unsnap configuration
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57
Q
** MICROSTATE TABLES **
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58
Q
- define Hund’s rules for ground states
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59
Q
- what are the assumptions of Hund’s rules
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60
Q
- compare and contrast Russel-Saunders with j-j coupling
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61
Q
- explain what is meant by the Normal Zeeman Effect
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62
Q
- explain what is meant by the Anomalous Zeeman Effect
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63
Q
- what is the equation for Lande g-factor
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64
Q
- what is the equation for polyatomic moment of inertia
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65
Q
- what is the equation for diatomic moment of inertia
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66
Q
- what is the equation for angular momentum of a molecule
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67
Q
- what is the equation for the rotational kinetic energy of a molecule
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68
Q
- what is the cyclic boundary condition for torsional angle of a molecule
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69
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in Joules) of a diatomic rigid rotor and the possible values of J and MJ
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70
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of a diatomic rigid rotor and the possible values of J and MJ
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71
Q
- what is the degeneracy of each level system
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72
Q
Hamiltonian for rigid rotor
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73
Q
- what is the Boltzman distribution
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74
Q
- at what level is the most populated
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75
Q
- draw the plot for the real part of the rotational wavefunction for J=0,1,2
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76
Q
- what is the rule for the parity of the rotation wavefunction
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77
Q
- what is the gross selection rule for rotational spectroscopy
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78
Q
- what is the specific selection rule for rotational spectroscopy
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79
Q
- what is the equation for the wavelength of transition (J–>J+1) in rotational spectroscopy
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80
Q
- what are the classifications of polyatomic molecules and how are they defined
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81
Q
- write an expression for each of the rotational terms A, B and C
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82
Q
***PROLATE TOPS
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83
Q
***OBLATE TOPS
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84
Q
- what is the magnitude of angluar momentum J
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85
Q
- write an expression for the energy (in wavenumbers) of a diatomic molecule with centrifugal distortion
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86
Q
- write the equation for the Linear Stark Effect
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87
Q
- draw the effect of Linear Stark Effect on the spectrum ***
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88
Q
- how does nuclear spin cause hyperfine structure
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89
Q
- draw the wavefunction as the product of its components for nuclear spin statistics ***
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90
Q
- what is the equation for finding the ratio of symmetric and antisymmetric nuclear spin statistics
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91
Q
- define Hooke’s Law
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92
Q
- what is the equation for the classical vibrational frequency
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93
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of harmonic oscillator
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94
Q
- what is the equation for the vibrational constant
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95
Q
- draw a plot of the quantum and classical potential energy against displacement *** and overlay the wavefunction
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96
Q
- why is there a zero point energy
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97
Q
- derive the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational spectroscopy of the harmonic oscillator
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98
Q
- what is the equation for the transition wavenumber in vibrational spectroscopy
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99
Q
- draw a plot of the Morse Oscillator
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100
Q
- what is the equation for the experimental dissociation energy in vibrational spectroscopy
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101
Q
- what transition corresponds to the fundamental band in vibrational spectroscopy
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102
Q
- what transition corresponds to the 1st overtone band in vibrational spectroscopy
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103
Q
- what transition corresponds to the 1st hot band in vibrational spectroscopy
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104
Q
- how do the selection rules for the Morse Oscillator differ from those of the harmonic oscillator for vibrational spectroscopy
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105
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of vibrational-rotational energy levels
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106
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of a vibration-rotational transition
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107
Q
* rotation-vibrational spectrum*
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108
Q
- what is the equation for the band origin
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109
Q
- when is a Q-branch present
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110
Q
- what effect does isotopes have on the rotation-vibrational spectrum
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111
Q
- explain what is meant by the comination differences method in rotation-vibrational spectroscopy
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112
Q
- explain what is meant by band heads in rotation-vibrational spectra
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113
Q
- what is meant by a normal mode in a polyatomic molecule
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114
Q
- draw the normal modes of H2O
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115
Q
- draw the normal modes of HCN
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116
Q
- draw the normal modes of CO2
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117
Q
- draw the normal modes of acetylene
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118
Q
* symmetry of vibrational wavenumber*
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119
Q
- what are the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational selection rules in polyatomic molecules
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120
Q
- under what conditions is the fundamental transition infrared active
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121
Q
- what is meant by a parallel mode
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122
Q
- what is meant by a perpendicular mode
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123
Q
** rotational fine structure for linear molecules and symmetric tops **
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124
Q
- what is the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
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125
Q
- what is the general form of molecular term symbol
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126
Q
- what is meant by the g/u symmetry label in homonuclear diatomics
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127
Q
- what is mean by the +/- symmetry label in molecules
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128
Q
- what is meant by the Franck-Condon Principle
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129
Q
- what governs the probability of transition in electronic spectroscopy
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130
Q
- draw a plot of long progression and short progression in electronic spectroscopy
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131
Q
- what is the equation used for calculating the dissociation energy when several vibrational energy levels are excited
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132
Q
- what is Birge-Spooner extrapolation
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133
Q
- what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumbers) for transition in electronic spectroscopy
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134
Q
- when do band heads occur in electronic spectroscopy
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135
Q
- when do Q-branches occur in electronic spectroscopy
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136
Q
- explain what is meant by photoionisation
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137
Q
- what is the equation for the kinetic energy of electron involved in photoionisation
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138
Q
- what is meant by Rayleigh scattering
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139
Q
- what is meant by Raman scattering
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140
Q
- what is the equation for Rayleigh scattering
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141
Q
- draw the energy level transitions and corresponding spectrum for Stokes, Rayleigh, and Anti-Stokes transitions
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142
Q
- what is meant by isotropic polarisability, when does it occur and what type of scattering does it produce
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143
Q
- what is meant by anisotropic polarisability, when does it occur and what type of scattering does it produce
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144
Q
- what are the gross and specific selection rules for rotational Raman spectroscopy
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145
Q
- what are the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational Raman spectroscopy
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146
Q
- what is the rule of mutual exclusion
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147
Q
* DERIVATIONS*
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148
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