2.HT Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Flashcards
1
Q
- what is the equation of the energy of electromagnetic radiation
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2
Q
- what is the equation for the speed of electromagnetic radiation
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3
Q
- what is the equation relating the speed to the permittivity and permeability of free space
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4
Q
- what is the equation for the energy of photons
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5
Q
- what is the equation for the linear momentum of photons
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6
Q
- what is the equation for the (spin) angular momentum of photons
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7
Q
- what are the units of wavelength
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8
Q
- what are the units of frequency
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9
Q
- what are the units of energy
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10
Q
- what are the units of wavenumber
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11
Q
- define the Born Oppenheimer approximation
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12
Q
- define Boltzman’s Law?
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13
Q
- write the equation for stimulated absorption and its associated rate
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14
Q
- define Planck’s Law
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15
Q
- write the equation for stimulated emission and its associated rate
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16
Q
- write the equation for spontaneous emission and its associated rate
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17
Q
- derive the Einstein coefficients
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18
Q
- what are the three conditions for non-zero transition probability
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19
Q
- define the transition dipole moments
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20
Q
- define the dipole moment operator
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21
Q
- write an expression for the transition intensity related to transition dipole moment
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22
Q
- define the Einstein coefficient B21
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23
Q
- define Fermi’s Golden Rule
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24
Q
- what is the Hamiltonian for single-electron atom
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2. what is the equation for the energy of a single-electron atom
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2. draw the Grotrian diagram for H-atom
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2. what are the selection rules that apply to single-electron atom
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2. what is the equation for the wavenumber of a transition in a single-electron atom
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2. explain the origin of the angular momentum selection rule
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2. what is the Hamiltonian for multiple-electron atom
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2. what is the Orbital Approximation
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2. what are the issues with the Orbital approximation
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*** SPECTRA OF ALKALI METALS***
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2. draw the Grotrian diagram for Na atom and include any relevant selection rules
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2. what is ns --> np transition called
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2. what is np --> ns transition called
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2. what is nd --> np transition called
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2. what is nf --> nd transition called
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2. what is the equation for the energy of energy of a multiple-electron atom
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2. what is spin-orbit coupling
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*** derive an expression for the energy of spin-orbit coupled
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2. draw the fine structure splitting for 2P level system
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2. what is the selection rule on j transitions for multiple-electron atom
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2. what is the degeneracy of the j states
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2. what is the general form of atomic term symbol
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2. how does Russel-Saunders Coupling work
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2. define the Pauli principle
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2. what does the Pauli principle mean for the symmetry of fermions with respect to exchange
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2. what does the Pauli principle mean for the symmetry of bosons with respect to exchange
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2. draw the spin states of singlet spin wavefunction
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2. draw the spin states of triplet spin wavefunction
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2. what is meant by electron correlation
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2. what is Hund's first rule and how does it link to Fermi hole/heap concept
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2. what causes the degeneracy of singlet and triplet spin states to be lifted
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2. draw the Grotrian diagram for He and the relevant selection rules
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2. draw the configuration, terms, levels and states of unsnap configuration
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*** MICROSTATE TABLES ***
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2. define Hund's rules for ground states
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2. what are the assumptions of Hund's rules
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2. compare and contrast Russel-Saunders with j-j coupling
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2. explain what is meant by the Normal Zeeman Effect
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2. explain what is meant by the Anomalous Zeeman Effect
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2. what is the equation for Lande g-factor
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3. what is the equation for polyatomic moment of inertia
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3. what is the equation for diatomic moment of inertia
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3. what is the equation for angular momentum of a molecule
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3. what is the equation for the rotational kinetic energy of a molecule
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3. what is the cyclic boundary condition for torsional angle of a molecule
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3. what is the equation for the energy (in Joules) of a diatomic rigid rotor and the possible values of J and MJ
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3. what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of a diatomic rigid rotor and the possible values of J and MJ
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3. what is the degeneracy of each level system
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***Hamiltonian for rigid rotor***
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3. what is the Boltzman distribution
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3. at what level is the most populated
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3. draw the plot for the real part of the rotational wavefunction for J=0,1,2
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3. what is the rule for the parity of the rotation wavefunction
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3. what is the gross selection rule for rotational spectroscopy
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3. what is the specific selection rule for rotational spectroscopy
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3. what is the equation for the wavelength of transition (J-->J+1) in rotational spectroscopy
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3. what are the classifications of polyatomic molecules and how are they defined
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3. write an expression for each of the rotational terms A, B and C
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***PROLATE TOPS
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***OBLATE TOPS
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3. what is the magnitude of angluar momentum J
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3. write an expression for the energy (in wavenumbers) of a diatomic molecule with centrifugal distortion
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3. write the equation for the Linear Stark Effect
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3. draw the effect of Linear Stark Effect on the spectrum ***
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3. how does nuclear spin cause hyperfine structure
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3. draw the wavefunction as the product of its components for nuclear spin statistics ***
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3. what is the equation for finding the ratio of symmetric and antisymmetric nuclear spin statistics
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4. define Hooke's Law
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4. what is the equation for the classical vibrational frequency
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4. what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of harmonic oscillator
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4. what is the equation for the vibrational constant
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4. draw a plot of the quantum and classical potential energy against displacement *** and overlay the wavefunction
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4. why is there a zero point energy
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4. derive the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational spectroscopy of the harmonic oscillator
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4. what is the equation for the transition wavenumber in vibrational spectroscopy
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4. draw a plot of the Morse Oscillator
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4. what is the equation for the experimental dissociation energy in vibrational spectroscopy
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4. what transition corresponds to the fundamental band in vibrational spectroscopy
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4. what transition corresponds to the 1st overtone band in vibrational spectroscopy
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4. what transition corresponds to the 1st hot band in vibrational spectroscopy
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4. how do the selection rules for the Morse Oscillator differ from those of the harmonic oscillator for vibrational spectroscopy
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4. what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of vibrational-rotational energy levels
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4. what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumber) of a vibration-rotational transition
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*** rotation-vibrational spectrum***
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4. what is the equation for the band origin
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4. when is a Q-branch present
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4. what effect does isotopes have on the rotation-vibrational spectrum
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4. explain what is meant by the comination differences method in rotation-vibrational spectroscopy
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4. explain what is meant by band heads in rotation-vibrational spectra
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4. what is meant by a normal mode in a polyatomic molecule
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4. draw the normal modes of H2O
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4. draw the normal modes of HCN
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4. draw the normal modes of CO2
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4. draw the normal modes of acetylene
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*** symmetry of vibrational wavenumber***
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4. what are the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational selection rules in polyatomic molecules
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4. under what conditions is the fundamental transition infrared active
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4. what is meant by a parallel mode
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4. what is meant by a perpendicular mode
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*** rotational fine structure for linear molecules and symmetric tops ***
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5. what is the Born-Oppenheimer approximation
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5. what is the general form of molecular term symbol
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5. what is meant by the g/u symmetry label in homonuclear diatomics
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5. what is mean by the +/- symmetry label in molecules
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5. what is meant by the Franck-Condon Principle
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5. what governs the probability of transition in electronic spectroscopy
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5. draw a plot of long progression and short progression in electronic spectroscopy
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5. what is the equation used for calculating the dissociation energy when several vibrational energy levels are excited
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5. what is Birge-Spooner extrapolation
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5. what is the equation for the energy (in wavenumbers) for transition in electronic spectroscopy
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5. when do band heads occur in electronic spectroscopy
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5. when do Q-branches occur in electronic spectroscopy
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5. explain what is meant by photoionisation
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5. what is the equation for the kinetic energy of electron involved in photoionisation
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6. what is meant by Rayleigh scattering
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6. what is meant by Raman scattering
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6. what is the equation for Rayleigh scattering
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6. draw the energy level transitions and corresponding spectrum for Stokes, Rayleigh, and Anti-Stokes transitions
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6. what is meant by isotropic polarisability, when does it occur and what type of scattering does it produce
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6. what is meant by anisotropic polarisability, when does it occur and what type of scattering does it produce
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6. what are the gross and specific selection rules for rotational Raman spectroscopy
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6. what are the gross and specific selection rules for vibrational Raman spectroscopy
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6. what is the rule of mutual exclusion
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*** DERIVATIONS***
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