2HD3- fracture n joint replacement management Flashcards
Why might someone get a stress fracture?
Repeated minor injury, older people
What fracture can indirect force cause?
Spiral long bone fractures
What radiographic views should be taken?
2 different rad views at 90 degrees. parallax technique.
How can a comminuted fracture be described?
Bag of cornflakes, lots of pieces
Avulsion fracture?
Bone pulled away by a tendon that is attached to it.
What are the 3 stages of fracture healing?
Inflammation, reparative, remodelling
What happens during ‘inflammation’ stage of fracture healing?
Inflammatory resp, bone necrosis at fracture end, macrophage infiltration removes dead material and formation of vascular granulation tissue.
What happens during the reparative stage of fracture healing?
Cortex to cortex, medullary reaction, osteoblast recruitment, 6-12 weeks ossification occurs through the fracture gap
What happens during the remodelling stage?
2 years completely back
What is open reduction internal fixation?
put back in the right place, uses metal screws etc
Symptoms of compartment syndrome?
Pale, pulseless, paraesthesia, pain, paralysis.
What happens in crush syndrome?
Muscle damage leading to the release of metabolite but kidneys can’t get rid of them as quick as they are produced.
What can a fat embolism cause?
Confusion, resp difficulty, rash.
What are spiral long bone fractures caused by?
Indirect force
What is capillary refill?
The time taken for colour to return to an external capillary bed after pressure is applied causing blanching.
