2G- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the most common monogenic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism?

A

classical galactosemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What enzyme is defective in classical galactosemia?

A

galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of classical galactosemia?

A

failure to thrive, hepatic insufficiency cataracts and developmental delay.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Scenario: patient presents with accumulations of urea precursors such as ammonium and glutamine. It’s also noted that this is an X-linked disorder. What enzyme is defective?

A

ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Van Gierke’s disease is a defective storage disorder of what substance?

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What enzyme is defective in Van Gierke’s disease?

A

G6 phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Case scenario: baby presents with poor feeding, failure to thrive, hepatic and renal insufficiency and death. It is noted that the baby cannot metabolize fructose properly. What enzyme is defective?

A

fructose 1,6-bisphophate aldolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is characteristics about Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS disorders)?

A

Caused by a reduced ability to degrade one or more glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some clinical features of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS disorders)?

A

chronic and progressive multisystem deterioration, which causes hearing, vision, joint and cardiovascular dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What enzyme is defective in Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is defective to cause Gaucher disease?

A

acid β-glucosidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical characteristics of Gaucher disease?

A

visceromegaly, multiorgan failure, and debilitating skeletal disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is defective in I-cell disease?

A

recognition marker of mannose-6-phoshate causing partially degraded oligosaccharides, lipids and glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in I-cell diesase?

A

coarse facial features, skeletal abnormities, corneal opacities, mental retardation and early death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is defective in cystinuria disease?

A

Caused by abnormal cystine transport between cells and the extracellular environment cause cystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which AA’s are secreted in high amounts in the urine in cystinuria?

A

cystine, lysine, arginine and ornithine

17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in cystinuria disease?

A

kidney stones

18
Q

What is defective in Wilson’s disease?

A

excess of copper caused by defective excretion of copper into the biliary tract

19
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in Wilson’s diesase?

A

causes progressive liver disease and neurological abnormalities. It is an autosomal recessive disorder. Patients with Wilson’s usually present with acute or chronic liver disease in childhood. Adults develop neurological symptoms such as dysarthria (inability to correctly articular words) and diminished coordination. One of the characteristic is the finding in the eye- Kayser-Fleischer ring

20
Q

What is defective in MCAD disease?

A

deficiency of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase (MCAD)

21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in MCAD disease?

A

episodic hypoglycemia, which is often provoked by fasting

22
Q

What is defective in hemochromatosis?

A

disorder of iron metabolism in which excessive iron is absorbed in the small intestine and then accumulates in a variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, joints and pancreas. It’s a defect in the regulation of transport

23
Q

What type of genetic disorder is hemochromatosis?

A

Autosomal recessive

24
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in hemochromatosis?

A

delayed age on onset of fatigue, joint pain, diminished libido, diabetes, increased skin pigmentation, cardiomyopathy, liver enlargement and cirrhosis.

25
Q

What is defective in Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

A

95% of CAH is caused by mutation in CYP21A2, the gene that encodes 21-hydroxylase

26
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in CAH?

A

cortisol deficiency, variable deficiency of aldosterone and an excess of androgen

27
Q

What is defective in Maple syrup urine disease?

A

Defect in branched-chained α-ketoacid dehydrogenase(BCKAD)

28
Q

Which AA’s are branched chain?

A

Valine, Leucine and isoleucine

29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in Maple syrup urine disease?

A

Without treatment, accumulation of BCAAs and their associated ketoacids leading to progressive neurodegeneration and death

30
Q

What is defective in Zellwegger syndrome?

A

It is caused by mutations in genes that encode peroxins. These proteins are necessary both for peroxisome biogenesis and for importing proteins of the peroxisomal matrix and membrane

31
Q

What are the clinical manifestations in Zellwegger syndrome?

A

It shows in newborn as severe hypotonia, progressive disease of the white matter of the brain, a distinctive facial appearance and typically death in infancy

32
Q

Which populations are at risk for Hereditary hemochromatosis?

A

more common in northern European (one of every 8)