2g Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the trachea?

Answer 1

A flexible tube, surrounded by rings of cartilage to stop it collapsing

Question 2

What is the bronchi?

Answer 2

Branches of the trachea

Question 3

What is the bronchioles?

Answer 3

Branches of a bronchus

Question 4

What are the lungs?

Answer 4

To inhale and exhale air for gas exchange

Question 5

What is the alveoli?

Answer 5

A site of gas exchange

Question 6

What is the intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

To raise and lower the ribs

Question 7

What are the pleural membranes?

Answer 7

To protect and lubricate the surface of the lung

Question 8

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 8

A muscular ‘sheet’ between the thorax and abdomen

Question 9

What is the function of a ciliated cell?

Answer 9

Their job is to prevent foreign particles/materials from entering the lungs by catching the particles on its small hairs, and wafting that back up into your throat.

Question 10

How does the pressure inside the lungs change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 10

Inhale - Low pressure; makes us draw air

Exhale - High pressure; makes us push air out

Question 11

How does the diaphragm shape change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 11

Inhale - Flat

Exhale - Domed

Question 12

How do the ribs change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 12

Inhale - up and out

Exhale - in and down

Question 13

How does the diaphragm muscle change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 13

Inhale - contracted

Exhale - relaxed

Question 14

How does the rib muscle change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 14

Inhale - Contracted

Exhale - Relaxed

Question 15

How do the lungs change when inhaling and exhaling?

Answer 15

Inhale - Inflates

Exhale - Deflated

Question 16

How do we breathe in?

Answer 16

• The intercostal muscles between the ribs contract.
• This moves the ribs up and out.
• At the same time, the diaphragm muscle contracts and moves down.
• The volume of air inside the chest increases.
• This decreases the pressure inside the chest. The air pressure outside the chest is higher so air enters the lungs

Question 17

How do we breathe out?

Answer 17

• The intercostal muscles relax
• The ribs are moved in and down.
• At the same time, the diaphragm muscle relaxes and moves up.
• The volume of the air inside the chest decreases.
• This increases the pressure inside the chest. The air pressure outside the chest is now lower so air leaves the lungs.

Question 18

What are the adaptations of alveoli?

Answer 18

• The alveoli are folded because it increases the surface area
• The walls are one cell thick so the oxygen doesn’t have to travel a long distance
• Each alveolus is surrounded by blood capillaries
• The alveoli are moist as they aid the dissolving of gases; is much easier in liquids

Question 19

What axis does the iv and dv go on?

Answer 19

Iv - x axis
Dv - y axis

Question 20

What is breathing/ ventilation?

Answer 20

Working the lungs to bring air inside the body

Question 21

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

A chemical reaction where oxygen is used to release energy from food

Question 22

What is Inhalation/ inspiration?

Answer 22

Breathing air into the lungs

Question 23

What is Exhalation/ Expiration?

Answer 23

Breathing air out of the lungs

Question 24

What is Gas exchange?

Answer 24

It’s the process of exchanging one gas for the other between the alveoli and capillaries

Question 25

What is ventilation?

Answer 25

It’s the process of inhaling and exhaling