2F. Plasticity After Brain Damage

Question 1

a sharp blow to the head that does not puncture the brain; most common in young people; most recover without treatment

Answer 1

closed head injury

Question 2

most common type of stroke; blood clot or other obstruction in an artery

Answer 2

ischemia

Question 3

the result of a ruptured artery; less common type of stroke

Answer 3

hemorrhage

Question 4

minimizes the damage caused by strokes in laboratory animals; it decreases the release of glutamate that result from cell loss; it has anti-inflammatory effects, protect the blood-brain barrier

Answer 4

exposure to cannabinoids

Question 5

refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons because of damage to other neurons

Answer 5

diaschisis

Question 6

scar tissue impedes axon regrowth because of the chemical it produces called ___

Answer 6

chondroitins

Question 7

neurons adjust to maintain stable arousal; if some synapses become inactive, remaining ones become more responsive

Answer 7

denervation supersensitivity (receptor supersensitivity)

Question 8

new axon branches form to compensate for lost connections, which can strengthen both useful and pain-related pathways, sometimes causing chronic pain

Answer 8

collateral sprouting

Question 9

a persistent sensation in an amputated body part, ranging from tingling to intense pain, caused by sensory cortex reorganization

Answer 9

phantom limb

Question 10

axons from nearby areas (e.g., face) sprout into regions previously occupied by lost limbs, leading to altered sensory perception

Answer 10

reorganized sensory representations