2C: Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators

Question 1

Neurotransmitter

Answer 1

A chemical molecule that has an effect on one or two postsynaptic neurons.

Question 2

Neuromodulator

Answer 2

A chemical molecule that has an effect on multiple postsynaptic neurons.

Question 3

Neurochemicals

Answer 3

Chemical substances that transmit neural information within the nervous system.

Question 4

Action potential

Answer 4

An electrical impulse that travels down the axon of a neuron.

Question 5

Excitatory effect

Answer 5

When the neurotransmitter increases the liklihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential.

Question 6

Glutamate

Answer 6

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Largely involved in learning.

Question 7

Inhibitory effect

Answer 7

When the neurotransmitter decreases the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential.

Question 8

GABA (gamma-aminobuttyric acid)

Answer 8

the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Prevents overexcitation of neurons (creduces anxiety).

Question 9

Dopamine

Answer 9

A neuromodulator primarily responsible for voluntary motor movement, the experience of pleasure, and reward-based learning.

Question 10

Serotonin

Answer 10

A neuromodulator primarily responsible for the regulation of mood and sleep.