2C Genes Flashcards
messenger RNA
RNA molecules that are produced during transcription and carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
genetic code
the set of rules by which information is encoded in genetic material
triplet
the sequence of three nucleotides in DNA coding for one amino acid
codon
the sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA coding for one amino acid
start codon
the sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that signals the start of translation
stop codon
the sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that signals the end of translation
promoter
the sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds
RNA polymerase
the enzyme responsible for constructing a pre-mRNA sequence from a DNA sequence during transcription
TATA box
a type of promoter region
introns
non-coding regions of DNA that do not code for proteins, they are spliced out during RNA processing
exons
regions of DNA that code for proteins and are not spliced out during RNA processing
termination sequence
a sequence of DNA that signals the end of transcription
operator
a short region of DNA that interacts with repressor proteins to alter the transcription of an operon
repressor protein
a protein coded for by a regulatory gene that prevents gene expression by binding to its operator
gene expression
the process of reading the information stored within a gene to create a functional product, typically a protein
