2B Nucleic Acids

Question 1

nucleic acid

Answer 1

the class of macromolecule that includes DNA and RNA, all nucleic acids are polymers made out of nucleotides monomers

Question 2

nucleotide

Answer 2

the monomer subunit of nucleic acids, made up of a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA) and a phosphate group

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

a double-stranded nucleic acid chain made up of nucleotides, DNA carries the instructions for proteins which are required for cell organism and survival

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

a single-stranded nucleic acid chain made up of nucleotides, included mRNA, rRNA and tRNA

Question 5

phosphodiester bond

Answer 5

a strong covalent bond linking a five-carbon sugar to a phosphate group

Question 6

sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 6

a strong covalently linked chain of five-carbon sugar molecules and phosphate groups in a nucleic acid chain

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

a structure made of protein and nucleic acids that carries genetic information

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

a section of DNA that carries the code to make a protein

Question 9

genome

Answer 9

the complete set of DNA housed within an organism

Question 10

antiparallel

Answer 10

a characteristic of DNA strands describing how each strand runs in an opposite direction to the other

Question 11

complementary base pairing

Answer 11

describes which nucleotides can form hydrogen bonds with each other