2B.4

Question 1

What is fetch?

Answer 1

distance blown over which the wind has blown

Question 2

What areas of the UK have large fetches?

Answer 2

Lands End in Cornwall over the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 3

What areas of the UK have smaller fetches?

Answer 3

Dover in Kent, from weak English channel.

Question 4

How do waves move across the ocean?

Answer 4

as ocean swells

Question 5

How do waves break?

Answer 5

shallower watre = increases friction = base slows = top collapses

Question 6

What are destructive waves?

Answer 6

where backwash>swash

Question 7

What are constructive waves?

Answer 7

Where swash>backwash

Question 8

What are differences between destructive and constructive waves?

Answer 8

Destructive = long fetch. higher energy, reduces beach material, flat beaches, 
Constructive = long wavelength, deposits sediment, low energy, builds beaches, short fetch

Question 9

What are swell waves?

Answer 9

wave/ ocean systems that arent affected local winds creating flat waves.

Question 10

How are swell waves created?

Answer 10

1) large scale winds blow
2) these travel 1000s of miles
3) over time the waves regulate
4) can be disrupted by storms

Question 11

What are cross-seas?

Answer 11

Sea waves and one or more system of swell waves.

Question 12

What is beach-morphology?

Answer 12

the dynamic shape of a beach including width and slope and other features as berms

Question 13

What do summer beaches have?

Answer 13

steeper
Constructive wave
dissipated energy

Question 14

What do winter beaches have?

Answer 14

destructive waves

undertows makes is dangerous

Question 15

Why is steeper in summer?

Answer 15

because there is more deposition which is used to build up beaches.

Question 16

What does backwash cause?

Answer 16

rip =drags sediment back as the next waves arrives over the top

Question 17

Why do beaches change over time?

Answer 17

sediment supply varies (due to dams)
interference in supply (due to coastal management)
Changes in climate (uk shorter summer)

Question 18

What is a storm beach?

Answer 18

high energy deposition of coarse sediment

Question 19

What are berms?

Answer 19

shingle and gravel from summer deposition

Question 20

What are offshore ridges/bars?

Answer 20

destructive waves erosion and deposition of sediment

Question 21

What is a wave cut platform?

Answer 21

a gently sloping area of rock that is at the base of a cliff where waves converge.

Question 22

How are wave cut platforms formed?

Answer 22

1) waves undercut forming a wave-cut notch
2) cliff collapses, the broken cliff erodes the remaining cliff
3) This repeats causing the cliff to retreat

Question 23

What is an example of wave cut platform?

Answer 23

Whinnysfold Scotland cruden bay

Question 24

What are the two main coastal erosion processes?

Answer 24

abrasion

hydraulic action

Question 25

What is abrasion?

Answer 25

grinding sand along cliff foot

Question 26

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 26

waves advance into small faults forces air into rock gaps the air is trapped then expands

Question 27

What is attrition?

Answer 27

rocks banging together breaking apart

Question 28

What is solution?

Answer 28

acids in the water dissolve materials eg Chalk calcium carbonate

Question 29

What are coatal erosion landforms?

Answer 29

``` headlands and bays coves caves arches cliffs blowholes ```

Question 30

What will global warming cause?

Answer 30

accidification of the oceans making erode cliff faces

Question 31

What is a blowhole?

Answer 31

when a cave in a clifface with a vertical cliff upwards which is exposed to erosion and wave energy breaks the gap

Question 32

What is aggrade of a beach?

Answer 32

builds up a beach increasing sediment.

Question 33

What degrade of a beach?

Answer 33

erode beaches reduces sediment?