2B.12c policy decisions can lead to conflicts between different players

Question 1

Happisburgh, North Norfolk

Answer 1

in SMP1 and SMP2, Happisburgh failed to secure funding because of a poor CBA –> the land uses were not valuable enough to justify spending on defences

SMP2 ‘No active intervention’ policy

LOSERS
the residents of Beach Road who losing their homes to the sea
by 2105, the shoreline may recede by 200m with a loss of further 50 homes, caravan site and property losses totalling £6 million

BUT
a Pathfinder pilot project was launched in 2009 through which Happisburgh obtained government allocation of £3 million

Question 2

Chittagong, Bangladesh

Answer 2

a Coastal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Project (2012) supported by the Asian Development Bank aims to ‘climate-proof’ the area by

• improving road conditions
• raising embarkments to 60cm above normal flood levels and making them more resistant to erosion

Question 3

Holderness

Answer 3

THE CBA CONCLUDED THAT THE BENEFITS OUTWEIGHED THE COSTS OF CONTINUING TO PROTECT BRIDLINGTON, HORNSEA AND WITHERNSEA

why protect Hornsea?

• Hornsea Mere is an SSSI and a Special Protected Area
• regional economic centre with a population of about 8500
• important historic sights in the town

At HORNSEA on the Holderness Coast the decision to protect the town with sea-walls, groynes and floodwalls (Hold the Line policy) was welcomed by residents and business owners

BUT not by farmers downdrift
Hornsea’s groynes trap longshore drift sand, starving beaches downdrift of sand and increasing erosion there

protecting one location affects other because of the interconnected nature of the coastal sediment cell

Question 4

players

Answer 4

in 2006 when the SMP for Happisburgh (in North Norfolk) was published:

• communities and homeowners have a strong attachment to place and fear to lose their homes
• businesses fear losing customers and may lose their business permanently
• coastal managers need to produce plans for entire SMP areas -> means protecting some areas but not others
• local councils and government (DEFRA) have limited funds to implement coastal protection schemes

Question 5

coastal management in the developing world

Answer 5

• rates of erosion in Jiangsu, China, exceed 80m a year in some places, with 40m per year in Hangzhou Bay
• around 30% of Malaysia’s coast is eroding
• rates of 50m per year in southern Vietnam

POOREST tend to be losers

Phuket in Thailand -> erosion is a serious problem but local villagers use ad-hoc methods such as bamboo fencing to try to reduce the power of the eroding waves