2B Impact of travel, tourism and sustainability

Question 1

Negative social impacts?

Answer 1

Disruption to everyday life
Loss of culture
Resentment towards visitors
Increased crime
Staged authenticity
Exploitation of locals
Loss of traditional lifestyles

Question 2

Positive social impacts?

Answer 2

Improved quality of life
Access to facilities
Improved transport and infrastructure including healthcare
Improved cultural awareness

Question 3

Negative impacts of tourism on the economy?

Answer 3

Low paid jobs
Seasonal unemployment with casual contracts
Leakage
Increased cost of living which locals can’t afford

Question 4

Positive impacts of tourism on the economy?

Answer 4

Employment opportunities
Training and education improving skills so can get better job
Multiplier effect
Foreign currency earnings
Contribution to taxes and GDP

Question 5

Negative environmental impacts?

Answer 5

Loss of habitats
Loss of wildlife
Threatened species
Increased pollution e.g. noise, air, water
Overcrowding
Traffic congestion
Reduced biodiversity
Environmental degradation
Erosion to footpaths, riverbanks, lakeshores

Question 6

Positive environmental impacts

Answer 6

Conservation including protection of wildlife, protected areas e.g. national parks
Environmental education
Creation of open spaces
Improved street furniture
Regeneration including urban renewal and the reuse of traditional buildings for new activities

Question 7

Ways to sustainably manage social impacts?

Answer 7

Educating visitors
Improve infrastructure
Involve locals e.g. partnership projects
Use tourist taxes sustainably

Question 8

What do we need to educate visitors about?

Answer 8

reducing negative impacts of behaviour (think Magaluf)
how to behave and dress appropriately
how to show respect to traditions and religions
how to avoid conflict

Question 9

What infrastructure can be improved to benefit locals?

Answer 9

transport
telecommunications
buildings
power supply
water and sewerage networks
healthcare centres

Question 10

How to engage local communities sustainably?

Answer 10

include them in decision making

include them in partnership projects

Question 11

What are the benefits of partnership projects?

Answer 11

improved profit
improved conservation and less threat to environment
jobs for locals
improved visitor experiences
alternative income for local communities

Question 12

Examples of tourist taxes

Answer 12

bed tax / hotel tax
air passenger duty
departure tax
VAT (value added tax)
fuel duty
Sustainable tourism tax

Question 13

How can taxes be sustainable?

Answer 13

use the income to fund community projects

use the money to fund environmental projects

Question 14

Ways for sustainability and economic impacts?

Answer 14

Providing employment and training
Buying local products
Using local transport
government restricting TNCs or foreign workers
Increasing visitor spending

Question 15

How can tourism provide employment and training?

Answer 15

opportunities for local people
access to higher-paid jobs
opportunities for education and training

Question 16

How can visitors support local communities?

Answer 16

buy local products

use local transport e.g. rickshaws

Question 17

How can governments limit TNCs or foreign workers?

Answer 17

Restrictions of multinational companies e.g. McDonalds not allowed, or in Egypt foreigners are not allowed to work as tour guides

Question 18

How can visitor spending be increased?

Answer 18

Having the gift shop at the exit, or where the tickets are sold
Adapting products or services e.g. fast food restaurants in theme parks

Question 19

Ways for sustainability and managing environmental impacts

Answer 19

visitor management
traffic management
planning and legislation
visitor education
controlling resources
wildlife conservation

Question 20

How can you manage visitors?

Answer 20

restrict the number of visitors
controlling the movement of people Disneyland
having a one way system
having visa time limits

Question 21

How can you manage traffic?

Answer 21

restrict traffic e.g. London congestion charge
affordable public transport e.g. Luxembourg is now free!
plenty of parking
park and ride schemes
alternative types of transport

Question 22

how can planning and legislation reduce environmental impacts?

Answer 22

building regulations e.g. solar panels
planning permission to ensure heritage or culture is protected
it can also limit the size and location of buildings e.g. use brownfield sites
use local styles - maintain image of destination
encourage sustainability

Question 23

How to educate visitors?

Answer 23

Use of local tour guides
Sign boards, information posts
educate about culture, environment, wildlife
use of websites to educate in advance
marketing is clear about environmental needs / expectations
help visitors immerse into local life e.g. volunteering holidays

Question 24

how to control resources and protect natural areas?

Answer 24

manage waste - encouraging recycling, develop sewerage system
use renewable energy sources e.g. solar, wind, biofuels
reduce use of water e.g. recycle water in fountains, sprinklers on taps
codes of conduct e.g. divers on Great Barrier Reef

Question 25

How to conserve wildlife?

Answer 25

hunting holidays to control hunting?
conservation / volunteering holidays e.g. looking after elephants
limiting cruise ships in fragile environments e.g. Antarctica
training local guides and encouraging tourists to employ local guides

Question 26

What is a multinational company? or TNC (transnational company)

Answer 26

A company that operates in several countries

Question 27

What is financial fairness?

Answer 27

Local communities receive an appropriate amount of income for the products and services that they provide

Question 28

What is the multiplier effect?

Answer 28

When money is spent on goods and services, which benefits other organisations and this leads to more jobs and this leads to more disposable income for local people and the positive effects continue to build

Question 29

What is leakage?

Answer 29

the way money generated through tourism in one country is then lost to another country’s economy

Question 30

What is a threatened species?

Answer 30

species which are vulnerable (in danger of) to extinction in the future

Question 31

What is an entry-level worker? (think about where the entrance is on a building)

Answer 31

Someone who doesn’t have any experience in that area of work

Question 32

What is a stakeholder?

Answer 32

a person or organisation that has an interest in the business or project e.g. local community, customers, suppliers, businesses

Question 33

What is a partnership project?

Answer 33

working with different stakeholders to achieve a common purpose e.g. public organisations working with private ones, or private-voluntary, or a combination of the three

Question 34

What are building regulations?

Answer 34

set of building quality standards that are decided by governments

Question 35

What is planning permission?

Answer 35

formal approval to construct a building, facility or change the use of the land

Question 36

What is overcrowding?

Answer 36

when there are too many people for the resources available leading to pollution and damage

Question 37

What is staged authenticity?

Answer 37

creating an impression of local culture for a tourist audience

Question 38

What are greenspaces?

Answer 38

open spaces within urban areas e.g. parks, woodlands for example Central Park, New York

Question 39

What does infrastructure mean?

Answer 39

The structure and facilities e.g. roads, buildings, power supplies that enable a tourist destination to function properly

Question 40

What is seasonal unemployment?

Answer 40

not having paid work at off peak times of year