2b. complexity of migration - EDC Case Study

Question 1

Case study of an EDC?

Answer 1

Brazil

Question 2

Evidence of growth and development in Brazil as an EDC?
(economy, % in tertiary services, GDP?)

Answer 2

• 7th largest economy
• GDP per capita = $9821 in 2018 (huge increase since 2007)
• 69% of population working in tertiary jobs suggesting more people are educated/have become consumers

Question 3

Main source countries of migrants into Brazil? How many migrants?

Answer 3

• Portugal = 140,000
• Japan = 50,000
• Paraguay = 40,0000

Question 4

Main destinations for migrants out of Brazil? How many migrants? Why?

Answer 4

• USA = 370,000 (mostly economic)
• Japan = 370,000 (Brazilians of Japanese descent have cultural links)
• Portugal = 140,000

Question 5

Current pattern of migration in Brazil
(net migration, where?)

Answer 5

• Net migration loss of 500,000 between 4 years
• increased migration between neighbouring countries
• Skilled emigration to Europe, USA, Japan

Question 6

Changes in migration patterns overtime (in earliest 20th century?)

Answer 6

• European immigration to agriculture
• Economic immigration from neighbouring countries
• Conflict immigration
• CHANGES: less immigration & more emigration now

Question 7

Describe the political, social, and economic interdependence between Brazil and another country? (1)

Answer 7

PORTUGAL
- Brazil was a former colony
- Portugal is gateway into EU fro economic migrants
- Migrant remittances
- Shared language/culture: easier integration

Question 8

Describe the environmental, economic and social interdependence between Brazil and another country? (2)

Answer 8

USA
- low skilled migrants remit money
- Returning migrants have skills
- US Aid gives Brazil support in environmental projects (sustainable forest management)

Question 9

What’s the impact of migration on Brazil’s economic development?

Answer 9

• Immigration (from Japan, Portugal, Europe) helped grow manufacturing/agriculture
• High skilled reduce labour gaps
• Emigration has sent remittances to develop

Question 10

What’s the impact of migration on Brazil’s Political stability?

Answer 10

• stable, democratic political system
• member of Mercosur (trading bloc, free flow of labour migration)
• stable political relationships between bilateral corridors
• receives refugees, provides work visas and permits

Question 11

What’s the impact of migration on Brazil’s social equality?

Answer 11

• poverty concentrated in rural areas or favelas
• Inequalities between ethnic groups

Question 12

Why might Brazil rely on migration in the near future?

Answer 12

It has an ageing population so will need migrant workers int he healthcare industry

Question 13

Why does Brazil struggle to attract migrant workers?

Answer 13

• bad conditions
• getting a work permit can take months and very expensive (but asylum seekers can take a week for free)