2.b./c. Prokaryotes and viruses Flashcards
Define ‘prokaryote’ (3)
- Single-celled organism
- Lacking membrane-bound organelles
- With DNA free in the cytoplasm
Define ‘eukaryote’ (4)
- Organism containing cells
- Which have membrane-bound organelles
- With DNA in chromosomes
- Within the nucleus
Give 4 examples of eukaryotic organisms
- Fungi
- Protoctista
- Plants
- Animals
Roughly how many cells make up a virus?
NONE because viruses are not made of cells
Give 5 characterics of the appearance of all prokaryotes
- Loose DNA molecule (in the cytoplasm)
- Murein cell wall
- 70s ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
Give 5 characteristics of the appearance of some prokaryotes
- Slime coat
- Flagellum/Flagella
- Photosynthetic lamellae holding photosynthetic pigments
- Mesosome (site of aerobic respiration)
- Plasmids
A generalised bacterial cell would usually have 9 labels. What would these be?
(1) Cytoplasm (2) Cell membrane (3) Cell wall (4) Slime coat (5) Ribosomes (6) Plasmids (7) Flagellum (8) DNA (9) Mesosome
Are viruses visible under a light microscope? Why are/n’t they?
No. They’re too small
What does ‘acellular mean?
Not made of cells
How many organelles and chromosomes does a virus have?
NO ORGANELLES
NO CHROMOSOMES
‘Inside a virus is a small amount of cytoplasm.’ True or False?
False, viruses have NO CYTOPLASM
What is a ‘virion’?
A virus outside of a living cell
What does a virus do to a living cell?
- Invades the living cell
- Takes over the cell’s metabolism
- Multiplies
What is a ‘bacteriophage’?
A virus that attacks bacteria
What is a feature of a virus that is not a feature of living organisms?
Can be crystallised
