2B - Alkenes And Polymers Flashcards
What conditions are required for the addition reaction between hydrogen and an alkene? What states are the two in
Catalyst: nickel
Temp: 150 degrees C
State: gaseous alkene and hydrogen gas
Conditions required for the halogenation of Alkenes?
Room temp
During the addition of hydrogen halides to Alkenes what states are the two reagents in?
Hydrogen halides are gases at room temperature and are bubbled into liquid alkenes
What would you see during the addition of bromine water to an alkene? What is this used to determine?
Colour change from orange to colourless.
Test for unsaturation, as it shows the presence of a C=C double bond (Br is orange, reacts with alkene to form colourless bromoalkene)
What conditions are required during the addition of steam to Alkenes (hydration)?
High temp and pressure
Catalyst: phosphoric acid
What are the conditions required for radical polymerisation? Which polymers are typically made this way?
Temp: 200 degrees
Very high pressure
Typically used to make poly(phenylethene), poly(styrene) and branched poly(ethene)
Two uses of poly(phenylethene)?
Foam packaging, insulation, model making, food retail (aka polystyrene)
What are the conditions required for the Zieglar-Natta process? What is it used to manufacture
Specialist catalysts such as TiCl3 and Al(C2H5)2Cl
Temp: 60 degrees C
Used to manufacture non-branched poly(ethene)
Two uses for poly(propene)?
Food packaging, dishwasher safe containers, fibre in carpets, synthetic ropes, certain laboratory equipment (resistant to chemical attack)
Two uses of poly(ethene)
Grocery bags, shampoo bottles, toys etc.
Which properties make addition polymers so useful for so many things and what problem does this pose?
Do not react with substances placed inside them, fairly durable, do not break down naturally.
Means they are hard to dispose of - non biodegradable
