2b Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Three functions of proteins in living cells, other than acting as a catalyst
Building and repairing of body tissues, regulation of body processes and formation of enzymes and hormones
Why does an enzyme catalyst reaction stop when the reaction mixture is heated above a certain temperature
The bonds holding the enzyme together break. This destroys the enzyme’s special shape and so it wont work anymore. It is said to be denatured.
In which three places is amylase produced?
The salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
Where in the body is bile produced?
Bile is a alkaline substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Where in the body is bile stored?
Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum.
Where in the body is bile used?
It is secreted into the small intestine where it emulsifies fat.
Why does the body produce hydrochloric acid?
To kill bacteria and to give the correct pH for the protease enzyme to work.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
Two examples of how an animal uses the energy released from aerobic respiration
To build up larger molecules from smaller ones, in animals to allow the muscles to contract, in mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose + energy = lactic acid
What is anaerobic respiration?
When you are exercising and your body cant supply enough oxygen to your muscles, it starts doing an anaerobic respiration, which is the incomplete breakdown of glucose.
How do you repay an oxygen debt?
By keeping your pulse and breathing rate high to get more oxygen into your blood. Blood flows through your muscles to remove the lactic acid by oxidizing it to harmless C02 and water.
Two kinds of enzymes that would be useful in a biological washing powder
The enzymes used are proteases and lipases because the enzymes break down animal and plant matter, they’re ideal for removing stains like food or blood.
How does DNA control the activities of a cell
DNA controls cell functions by controlling protein synthesis. The proteins that are synthesized according to the DNA code function to control and regulate all aspects of the cell’s activities.
How is DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science?
DNA taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample from a suspect.
What is mitosis used for in the body?
It makes new cells for growth and repair.
How does mitosis work?
During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of it’s contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
What are the other types of cell division and where does it happen in the body of a human male?
Meiosis and in the sperm cell or gamete.
What is differentiation in a cell?
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.
What is meiosis?
A cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell,
Which chromosomes in the human body causes male characteristics?
The Y chromosomes.
Three important conclusions that Mendel reached following his experiments with pea plants
Characteristics in plants are determined by “hereditary units”, Hereditary units are passed on from both parents, one unit from each parent and Hereditary units can be dominant and recessive and if an individual has both the dominant and the recessive unit for a characteristic, the dominant characteristic will be expressed.
What is an allele?
Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
