2B

Question 1

What is “bonding”?

Answer 1

The establishment of a low-impedance path between two metal surfaces.

Question 2

What is “impedance”?

Answer 2

An electrical term defined as total opposition to current flow

Question 3

The goal of bonding is to…?

Answer 3

Minimize impedance between metallic objects

Question 4

The term “bond” refers to…?

Answer 4

Both the mechanical interface between the joined conductors and
to bonding straps used to interconnect two separate conductors.

Question 5

When does bonding occur?

Answer 5

When a conductive path between two metal surfaces is established.

Question 6

Why are bonds made?

Answer 6

So the mechanical and electrical properties of a path are characterized by the bonds, not merely the junction of the metal surfaces which have a much higher resistance.

Question 7

What are the types of bonding?

Answer 7

Direct and indirect

Question 8

Good bonding is essential where?

Answer 8

In all communications and power circuits where conductors must be joined.

Question 9

The bonding strip must resist what?

Answer 9

Deterioration through corrosion, looseness, or stress.

Question 10

How many kinds of direct bonds are there?

Answer 10

Two - direct permanent and direct semi-permanent

Question 11

What are direct permanent bonds?

Answer 11

Bonds that are expected to remain intact throughout the life of the system. They will not require disassembly for purposes of testing, system modification, or expansion.

Question 12

How are direct permanent bonds formed?

Answer 12

By direct contact of the metal mating surfaces.

Question 13

How is the electrical path in a direct permanent bond maintained?

Answer 13

By a joint that is welded or brazed

Question 14

What are direct semi-permanent bonds?

Answer 14

Metal surfaces rigidly held together by bolts, lockwashers, nuts, pins, clamps, or other devices.

Question 15

Before bonding direct semi-permanent bond joints must be?

Answer 15

Joint contact areas must be clean, and all protective coatings removed

Question 16

What are indirect bonds?

Answer 16

Bonding straps used as interconnecting conductors when direct bonds are not practical.

Question 17

Indirect bonding straps come in what kind of conductor forms?

Answer 17

Solid, braided, round, or flat metal conductors.

Question 18

Solid metal straps are preferred except where?

Answer 18

Except where vibration is a problem, large braid may be required.

Question 19

Signal reference bonds are usually what kind of bond?

Answer 19

Normally are indirect bonds using crimps, connectors, or bolts.

Question 20

What techniques are used to form direct permanent bonds?

Answer 20

Made by welding, brazing, or silver soldering

Question 21

Permanent direct bonds are best used for what?

Answer 21

For providing mechanical strength and low impendence.

Question 22

Exothermic welding is used for what?

Answer 22

To attach permanent direct bonds to the earth electrode subsystem

Question 23

Indirect bonds such as bonding straps are held in place by what?

Answer 23

Bolts, rivets, welding, or brazing

Question 24

What bonds are particularly susceptible to corrosion?

Answer 24

Bonds between unlike metals

Question 25

What are some ways to clean a metal surface to avoid corrosion?

Answer 25

With an abrasive such as steel wool, a wire brush, or emery cloth.

Question 26

What is the difference between grounding and bonding?

Answer 26

Grounding provides a conductive path in the form of an equipment grounding conductor for current to flow to trip a circuit breaker or fuse in the event of a ground-fault condition. Bonding creates continuity between two or more metal electrical components using a conductor or metal conduit, but not necessarily providing a conductive path for current to flow to trip a circuit breaker or fuse in the event of a ground fault condition.