2a - weathering and soil form'n

Question 1

A naturally occurring body formed as the result of soil-forming processes acting through time on the mineral matter of the earth’s crust

Answer 1

soil

Question 2

SOIL:
A naturally occurring body formed as the result of _____________ ________ acting through ______ on the _________ ________ of the earth’s crust.

Answer 2

soil-forming processes;
time;
mineral matter

Question 3

a naturally occurring inorganic substance with fairly definite chemical composition and specific physical properties.

Answer 3

mineral

Question 4

MINERAL:
a naturally occurring _________ substance with fairly _______ chemical composition and specific ________ _________.

Answer 4

inorganic;
definite;
physical properties

Question 5

Minerals generally exist as __________ to form the rocks of the earth.

Add: illustration

Answer 5

aggregates;

different minerals —weathering—> soil

Question 6

Minerals that persist from the original rocks and make up the main part of the sand and silt fractions of most soils

Answer 6

Primary minerals

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE:
Primary minerals are the original rocks that make up the main part of the sand and silt fractions.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

What type of minerals make up most parts of the sand and silt fractions?

Answer 8

Primary minerals.

Question 9

Minerals that originate from the chemical decomposition of least resistant primary minerals, and which may be classified on the basis of their size and surface properties as either colloidal or non-colloidal

Answer 9

Secondary minerals

Question 10

SECONDARY MINERALS:
Explain where and how they originated.

Explain how they are classified.

Answer 10

Originated from primary minerals that are the least resistant to chemical decomposition.

Can be classified based on their
(a) size;
(b) surface properties;

then classified into either
(a) colloidal;
(b) non-colloidal

Question 11

Give the five (5) primary minerals

Answer 11

quartz;
feldspar;
micas;
pyroxenes & amphiboles;
olivines

Question 12

The most enduring and most nearly everlasting ubiquitous substance in nature.

Very slowly decomposed by weathering.

Occurs in the majority of the soils, both alluvial and developed from sedimentary rocks and residual crystalline rocks.

Add: Give the mineral composition of this rock.

Answer 12

Quartz;

SiO2

Question 13

QUARTZ:
How resistant and abundant are they in nature?

How affected are they by weathering?

Which type of soils do they occur in?

After the other minerals of a rock (e.g. granite) crumble away, quartz remain in the debris as what?

Answer 13

most enduring, most nearly everlasting and ubiquitous;

very slowly decomposed by weathering;

majority of soils: alluvial / from sedimentary rocks / from residual crystalline rocks;

sand particles