Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

H Chemistry Unit 2 > 2a Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

2a Hydrocarbons Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Saturated molecules contain?

A

Only carbon - carbon single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unsaturated molecules contain?

A

Carbon = carbon double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to test if a substance is saturated

A

React with bromine solution. If it decolourises, substance is unsaturated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reactions that unsaturated molecules undergo

A

Addition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give some aspects of a molecule that would lead to it having a high MP/BP

A

Large - strong LDFs
Very polar bonds eg NH OH FH - hydrogen bonding
High molecular polarity - strong pd-pd attractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is volatility?

A

The ease at which a substance evaporates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functional group in ALCOHOLS

A

Hydroxyl -OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alcohol with functional group attached to terminal carbon

A

Primary alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alcohol with hydroxyl bonded to carbon which is bonded to two other carbons

A

Secondary alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alcohol with hydroxyl bonded to carbon which is bonded to 3 other carbons

A

Tertiary alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between a diol and a trial?

A

Diol - 2 hydroxyl groups

Trial - 3 hydroxyl groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the trend in MP as the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule increases.

A

MP increases as there are more sites for hydrogen bonding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the functional group for carboxylic acids

A

Carboxyl (-COOH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is an Ester formed?

A

Condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the functional group in an ester?

A

Ester link (-COO-)

17
Q

Give the definition for a condensation reaction

A

When two molecules join with the elimination of a small molecule, in this case water.

18
Q

Give an explanation for how to name the Ester formed when given the names of the reactants.

A

The first part of the name comes from the alcohol where the ‘anol’ ending is replaced with ‘yl’. The second part of the name comes from the carboxylic acid where the ‘ic acid’ ending is replaced by ‘oate’

19
Q

What is the purpose of concentrated sulphuric acid when performing and esterification reaction.

A

Catalyst

20
Q

Name and describe the reaction that occurs when water is reacted with an Ester.

A

Hydrolysis - splitting of a large molecule into two small molecules using water. The Ester link breaks.

21
Q

Explain the uses of esters.

A

Sweet smelling molecules - used in fragrances and food flavourings.
Low polarity makes them good solvents for non-polar solutes.

22
Q

Name the 2 components of a fat or oil

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids aka a triglyceride

23
Q

Why are oils liquid at room temperature and fats solids?

A

Oils are less saturated than fats so pack together less tightly resulting in weaker intermolecular forces and a lower bp.

24
Q

Describe how an oil can be converted to a fat

A

Hydrogenation reaction - the addition of hydrogen

25
Q

Explain the function of fats and oils in the human diet.

A

Provide slow release energy

Transport fat soluble vitamins such as A and D

26
Q

Give 3 functions of proteins in animals

A

Structural tissues
Antibodies
Enzymes

27
Q

name The molecules that make up proteins

A

Amino acids

28
Q

Describe the functional groups in an amino acid.

A 
Amino group (-NH2) 
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
29
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

30
Q

Why are some amino acids called essential?

A

They cannot be synthesised by the human body so must be obtained from the diet.

31
Q

Describe how amino acids join together to form proteins.

A

In a condensation reaction. Water is eliminated from the two amino acids and a peptide bond is formed between the amino and carboxyl groups of the neighbouring amino acids. (-COHN-) .

32
Q

What reaction occurs when proteins are digested?

A

Hydrolysis- water is used to split the protein back up into its original amino acids.

H Chemistry Unit 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions