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S&P > 2A: Early Vision > Flashcards

2A: Early Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation

A
  • Oscillation (waves) of electrically charged particles - A small range of wavelengths constitute visible light
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2
Q

What is a wavelength?

A
  • distance between peaks (nm) - gives rise to the perception of color
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3
Q

What is Amplitude?

A
  • height of peaks - gives rise to intensity (brightness)
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4
Q

What does it mean to absorb, reflect, or transmit light?

A
  • Depends of properties of the object - Our visual experience is based on the light reflected off of objects (and into the eye)
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5
Q

Parts of the Eye

A
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6
Q

What are the Two Chambers of the Eye?

A
  • Anterior chamber - filled with aqueous humor.
  • Vitreous chamber - filled with vitreous humor
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7
Q

Iris/Pupil

A

Changes size to allow more or less light inside the eye

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8
Q

Cornea v. Lens

A

Cornea

  • bends (refracts) incoming light to focus on retina
  • non-flexible

Lens

  • flexible transparent convex disk that also refracts light
  • performs accommodation: adjusting its shape to change depth of focus
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9
Q

Retina

A
  • Light sensitive membrane on the back of the eye that performs sensory transduction
  • Contains photoreceptors
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10
Q

fovea

A
  • central region of the retina directly across from the pupil
  • corresponds to your fixation point
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11
Q

periphery

A
  • All other regions of the retina around the fovea
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12
Q

Optic Disc/Blind Spot

A
  • Specific location in the periphery where blood vessels enter the eye, and neural fibers exit
  • no photoreceptors
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13
Q

Retinal Image

A
  • Distribution of light on the retina corresponding to the visual scene or environment
  • Influenced by: eyeball shape,quality of lens,shape of cornea
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14
Q

The Retina: 3 Layers

A
  • Photoreceptors
  • Bipolar cells
  • Ganglion cells (RGCs)
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15
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A
  • Contain photopigments - light-sensitive molecules
  • four subtypes - each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths
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16
Q

Wha is a Graded Potential?

A
  • Light stimulation causes a proportional decrease in NT release (glutamate)
17
Q

Cones

A
  • Three pigment types (used for color)
  • Low sensitivity
  • Mostly in the fovea
18
Q

Rods

A
  • One pigment type
  • High sensitivity
  • Mostly in periphery
19
Q

Bipolar Cells

A
20
Q

Midget bipolar cells

A
  • Mostly in fovea
  • Receive input from single cones
  • Low convergence
  • Pass information to single RGCs
21
Q

Diffuse bipolar cells

A
  • Mostly in the periphery
  • Receive input from many photo- receptors (mostly rods)
  • High convergence
  • Pass information to few RGCs
22
Q

How do Midget and Diffuse Bipolar cells react to glutamate?

A
  • Some are inhibited by glutamate: ON midget bipolar cells
  • Others are excited by glutamate: OFF midget bipolar cells

S&P (4 decks)

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