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Biology > 2A Cells Structure and Division > Flashcards

2A Cells Structure and Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Give an example of a single called algae

A

Chlorella

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2
Q

Give an example of a multicellular algae

A

Seaweed

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3
Q

Why are algae green?

A

Because they contain one large chloroplast

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4
Q

Name all of the organelles in an algae cell. 14

A

Mitochondria Chloroplast
Golgi body - apparatus and vesicles Nucleus
Cell wall Nucleolus
Cell membrane Nuclear pore
SER Nuclear envelope
RER Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Name a single fungal cell

A

Yeast

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6
Q

A multicellular fungal cell

A

Mushroom

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7
Q

What are the cells walls of fungus made of?

A

Chitin (ky-at-tin)

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8
Q

Do fungal cells have chloroplasts?

A

No they don’t

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9
Q

Name all of the organelles in a yeast cell. 13

A 
Cytoplasm            Nucleus 
Ribosomes           Nucleolus 
Chitin cell wall      Nuclear pore
SER                        Nuclear envelope 
RER                        Mitochondria 
Golgi body a&v    Vacuole 
Cell surface membrane
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10
Q

Cell membrane also known as…

A

Plasma membrane and cell surface membrane

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11
Q

What is the cell surface membrane made of? Simple

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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12
Q

Where is cell surface membrane found?

A

Found on surface of animal cell

Found under cell wall in a plant

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13
Q

What does the cell surface membrane do? Simple

A

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell due to its semi permeable membrane

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14
Q

What is the structure of the cell wall?

A

Rigid and made up of microfibrils of cellulose

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15
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Protects and supports a cell so it doesn’t change shape

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16
Q

What cells have a cell wall?

A

Plant
Fungal
Algal

17
Q

What is the nuclear pore and where is it found?

A

A gap between the nuclear envelope

18
Q

What does the nuclear envelope do?

A

It regulates the transportation between the nuclear and the cytoplasm eg. Transcription

19
Q

What is the nuclear plasm?

A

The fluid in the nucleus that contains chromosomes

20
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Large organelle
Holds the genetic information for the cell
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
Contains group of chromosomes called the nucleolus

21
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Make RNA/proteins via transcription

Control the cells activities and reactions

22
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

A

Oval shape
Has a double membrane
-outer membrane
-inner inner membrane forms crista on inside of mitochondria
Inside the mitochondria called the matrix, where respiration occurs

23
Q

Why is mitochondria found in large amounts in active cells?

A

Eg the sperm, need more mitochondria to release energy/ produce ATP to allow cells to function, sperm needs energy to swim to egg

24
Q

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

A

Double membrane
-outer membrane
-inner membrane
Stacked components are grana that have thylakoid membrane
The grana are linked by lamella
Lamella are thin flat Thylakoid membranes
Contain stroma

25
Q

Where a outs in chloroplast does photosynthesis take place?

A

In the stroma and grana

26
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

A

A group of fluid filled membranes

With vesicles found on the edge

27
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

Processes and packages lipids proteins

Make lysosomes

28
Q

What is the role of the Golgi vesicles?

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the apparatus and transports them out of the cell

29
Q

What is the structure of a lysosomes?

A

It is a round organelle with no internal structure

30
Q

What is the role of the lysosome?

A

It’s a type of Golgi vesicle that contains digestive enzymes= lysozymes that digest invading cells and break down worn out components eg during phagocytosis

31
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum to form RER

32
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

The site of protein synthesis, during translation when the amino acids are made into chains

33
Q

What does the RER do?

A

It folds and processes proteins made by the ribosomes

34
Q

What does the SER do?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids

35
Q

What is the structure of the plant vacuole?

A

Has a membrane called tonoplast

Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugars and salts

36
Q

What does the cell vacuole do?

A

Maintains the pressure in cell
Keeps the cell rigid, stops plants from wilting
Involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell

37
Q

What does the peroxisome do?

A

The site where toxic compounds are neutralised.

In the liver to break down alcohol

38
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

Provides framework for cellular activities

Maintain shape of the cytoplasm

39
Q

Does algae carry out photosynthesis?

A

Yes

Biology (7 decks)

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