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1A Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Single molecules joined by condensation reaction to form polymers

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2
Q

What are the monomers of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

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4
Q

What are monomers of DNA?

A

Nucleus acid

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5
Q

Is monomer to polymers a reversible reactions?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What reaction makes polymers?

A

Condensation reaction

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7
Q

Give word equation for condensation reaction

A

Monomer + monomer —-> polymer + water

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8
Q

Word equation for hydrolysis

A

Water + polymer —–> monomer + monomer

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9
Q

What is in nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base

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10
Q

What does a nucleic acid monomer look like?

A

Draw

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11
Q

What bond joins nucleic acid monomers together?

A

Phosphodiester bond

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12
Q

What part of nucleic acid does the phosphodiester bond join with?

A

Sugar on top acid to phosphate on bottom of

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13
Q

Define monosaccharide

A

The monomers of carbohydrates

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14
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

C H O

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15
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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16
Q

What type of sugar is glucose?

A

Hexone as hexagon shape

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17
Q

What types of glucose are there?

A

Alpha and beta

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18
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

A

Alpha the same elements on same level

Betav opposite

19
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

The product of two monomers joined together plus molecule of water

20
Q

What reaction joins two monomers?

A

Condensation reaction

21
Q

Name the bond formed between monomers?

A

Glycosidic bond

22
Q

Glucose add glucose equals?

A

Maltose

23
Q

Glucose add fructose equals?

A

Sucrose

24
Q

Glucose add galactose equals?

A

Lactose

25
Q

What is removed in condensation reaction?

A

Water

26
Q

Example of food made of monosaccharides?

A

Fruit veg honey

27
Q

Examples of food made of disaccharides?

A

Sugar milk

28
Q

What reaction breaks polymers?

A

Hydrolysis

29
Q

What do you add in hydrolysis?

A

Water

30
Q

What test tests for sugars?

A

Benedict test

31
Q

The method of Benedict test of reducing sugars?

A

Add b reagent to solution
Heat
Red reducing sugar present so monosaccharides present
Blue non reducing either disaccharides or

32
Q

Method for b test for non reducing sugar?

A 
Heat with b reagent 
Blue non reducing present disaccharides 
Red reducing monomers 
Add hydrochloric acid to new sample break glycosidic bonds
Heat 
Sodium hydrocarbonate to neutralise 
Stay blue no non reducing present 
Red non reducing present
33
Q

What does red mean in b test?

A

Red is positive, if test for reducing red if reducing present
If test non reducing red if non reducing present

34
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Product of the joining for two or more monosaccharides via condensation reaction forming glycosidic bonds

35
Q

What is amylose hydrolysed into?

A

Alpha glucose

36
Q

How are glycogen and starch formed?

A

By the condensation reaction of alpha glucose

37
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

Stores energy for cells from glucose from respiration
Excess glucose stored ass starch when need break down
Mixture of 2 polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin

38
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large complex molecules made up of monomers

39
Q

Describe the features of amylose?

A

Long unbranched chain of glucose
Angle of glycosidic bonds gives coiled structure of cylinder
Compact molecules so stores more in one space

40
Q

Describe the features of amylopectin?

A

Long branched chains of alpha glucose
Side branches allows enzymes break glycosidic bonds quicker release energy
Glucose quickly

41
Q

Is starch soluble or insoluble? What it means?

A

Insoluble not affect water potential so not allow water into cells via osmosis which would make swell

Good for storage as no water in cell to swell and make less room

42
Q

Describe the features of starch?

A

Found in animal cell
Stores excess glucose as part as glycogen
Has branches so glycosidic bonds hydrolysed easier and quicker release glucose

43
Q

Describe features of cellulose?

A

Long unbranched chains of beta glucose
When bond formed straight cellulose chains called microfibrils held by hydrogen bonds.
Long straight cell wall

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