1A Flashcards
What is a monomer?
Single molecules joined by condensation reaction to form polymers
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Glucose
What are monomers of DNA?
Nucleus acid
Is monomer to polymers a reversible reactions?
Yes
What reaction makes polymers?
Condensation reaction
Give word equation for condensation reaction
Monomer + monomer —-> polymer + water
Word equation for hydrolysis
Water + polymer —–> monomer + monomer
What is in nucleic acid?
Phosphate
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
What does a nucleic acid monomer look like?
Draw
What bond joins nucleic acid monomers together?
Phosphodiester bond
What part of nucleic acid does the phosphodiester bond join with?
Sugar on top acid to phosphate on bottom of
Define monosaccharide
The monomers of carbohydrates
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
C H O
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What type of sugar is glucose?
Hexone as hexagon shape
What types of glucose are there?
Alpha and beta
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Alpha the same elements on same level
Betav opposite
What are disaccharides?
The product of two monomers joined together plus molecule of water
What reaction joins two monomers?
Condensation reaction
Name the bond formed between monomers?
Glycosidic bond
Glucose add glucose equals?
Maltose
Glucose add fructose equals?
Sucrose
Glucose add galactose equals?
Lactose
What is removed in condensation reaction?
Water
Example of food made of monosaccharides?
Fruit veg honey
Examples of food made of disaccharides?
Sugar milk
What reaction breaks polymers?
Hydrolysis
What do you add in hydrolysis?
Water
What test tests for sugars?
Benedict test
The method of Benedict test of reducing sugars?
Add b reagent to solution
Heat
Red reducing sugar present so monosaccharides present
Blue non reducing either disaccharides or
Method for b test for non reducing sugar?
Heat with b reagent Blue non reducing present disaccharides Red reducing monomers Add hydrochloric acid to new sample break glycosidic bonds Heat Sodium hydrocarbonate to neutralise Stay blue no non reducing present Red non reducing present
What does red mean in b test?
Red is positive, if test for reducing red if reducing present
If test non reducing red if non reducing present
What is a polysaccharide?
Product of the joining for two or more monosaccharides via condensation reaction forming glycosidic bonds
What is amylose hydrolysed into?
Alpha glucose
How are glycogen and starch formed?
By the condensation reaction of alpha glucose
What is the function of starch?
Stores energy for cells from glucose from respiration
Excess glucose stored ass starch when need break down
Mixture of 2 polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin
What is a polymer?
Large complex molecules made up of monomers
Describe the features of amylose?
Long unbranched chain of glucose
Angle of glycosidic bonds gives coiled structure of cylinder
Compact molecules so stores more in one space
Describe the features of amylopectin?
Long branched chains of alpha glucose
Side branches allows enzymes break glycosidic bonds quicker release energy
Glucose quickly
Is starch soluble or insoluble? What it means?
Insoluble not affect water potential so not allow water into cells via osmosis which would make swell
Good for storage as no water in cell to swell and make less room
Describe the features of starch?
Found in animal cell
Stores excess glucose as part as glycogen
Has branches so glycosidic bonds hydrolysed easier and quicker release glucose
Describe features of cellulose?
Long unbranched chains of beta glucose
When bond formed straight cellulose chains called microfibrils held by hydrogen bonds.
Long straight cell wall
