Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Additional Biology > 2a > Flashcards

2a Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Supports the cell and controls what goes in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Controls activity and contains genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Site of chemical reactions which contains enzymes to control the reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

Site of reactions for respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ribosomes?

A

Where proteins are made in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Supports the cell and structures it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

A

Cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Where photosynthesis occurs and they contain chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of a yeast cell?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of a bacterial cell?

A

NO NUCLEUS! Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall. The genetic material floats in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do animal cells not have?

A

Cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does diffusion happen?

A

In solutions and gases because the particles are free to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What affects the diffusion rate?

A

The bigger the difference in concentration the faster the diffusion rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of molecules can diffuse through cell membranes?

A

Small molecules like oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can’t diffuse through cell membranes?

A

Big molecules such as starch and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the overall movement called?

A

Net movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells specialised for their function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is the palisade leaf cell adapted for photosynthesis?

A
  1. Packed with chloroplasts, most are at the top closer to light
  2. Tall shape resulting in large surface area for absorbing CO2
  3. Thin so you can pack lots in a leaf
20
Q

What are guard cells adapted for?

A

To open and close pores

21
Q

How are guard cells adapted?

A
  1. Kidney shape which opens and closes the stomach in a leaf
  2. When the plant has lots of water the guard cells fill with it and go plump. This makes the stomata open for gas exchange for photosynthesis
  3. When the plant doesn’t have much water the guard cells lose water and become flaccid which makes the stomach close. This prevents water vapour from escaping
  4. Thin outer walls and thick inner walls make the opening and closing work
  5. Sensitive to light and close at night to save water
22
Q

What are red blood cells adapted for?

A

To carry oxygen

23
Q

How are red blood cells adapted?

A
  1. Big surface area for absorbing oxygen and to help them pass smoothly through capillaries
  2. Packed with haemoglobin which absorbs oxygen
  3. Have no nucleus for more room for haemoglobin
24
Q

What are sperm and egg cells specialised for?

A

Reproduction

25
Q

How are sperm and egg cells specialised?

A
  1. The egg cell contains food reserves to feed the embryo
  2. The eggs membranes structure changes when the sperm fuses with it to stop any more sperm getting in so the offspring ends up with the right amount of DNA
  3. A sperm has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
  4. A sperm has a lot of mitochondria to give to energy to swim to the egg
26
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells which work together to carry out a particular function

27
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

28
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together

29
Q

What is the stomach made up of?

A
  1. Muscular tissue which moves the stomach wall to churn food
  2. Glandular tissue which makes digestive juices to digest food
  3. Epidermal tissue
30
Q

What is an organ system found in the human body?

A

Digestive system which breaks down food

31
Q

Name some plant organs

A

Stems, roots and leaves

32
Q

What are leaves made of?

A
  1. Mesophyll tissue - where most of the photosynthesis takes place
  2. Xylem and phloem - transport things such as water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant
  3. Epidermal tissue - covers the whole plant
33
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

SUNLIGHT
Carbon dioxide + water ———-> glucose + oxygen
CHLOROPHYLL

34
Q

What does photosynthesis produce?

A

Glucose and oxygen

35
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process that produces glucose in plants and algae

36
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide, light and temperature

37
Q

What affects where organisms are found?

A

Environmental factors such as temperature and availability of water, nutrients, CO2 and O2 and amount of light

38
Q

How can you study the distribution of an organism?

A

Measure how common an organism is in two areas using quadrants
Study how the distribution changes across an area by placing quadrants along a transect

39
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square frame enclosing a known area to compare how common an organism is in two sample area

40
Q

How do you calculate the mean number of organisms per quadrat?

A

Number of quadrats

41
Q

How do you calculate population size?

A

Multiply the mean number of organisms per metre squared and times it by the total area of the habitat

42
Q

What is a transect used for?

A

To study the distribution of organisms along a line

43
Q

How do you make your results more reliable?

A

Use a large sample size

44
Q

How can you improve the validity of your results?

A

Control the variables and use random samples

45
Q

How do plants use glucose?

A 
For respiration
Making cell walls
Making proteins 
Stored in seeds
Stored as starch

Additional Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions