2A&2B Levels of organisation & Cell structure

Question 1

State the organisation of organisms from smallest to largest

Answer 1

cells → tissues → organs → organ systems

Question 2

Define the term tissue

Answer 2

A group of similar cells working together for a certain function

Question 3

Define the term organ

Answer 3

A group of tissues working together for a certain function

Question 4

Define the term organ system

Answer 4

A group of organs working together for a certain function

Question 5

Describe the similarities between animal and plant cells

Answer 5

Have nucleus
Have cytoplasm
Have cell membrane
Have mitochondria
Have ribosomes

Question 6

Describe the differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 6

Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole, but animal cells do not

Question 7

TRIPLE ONLY
Define the term stem cell

Answer 7

An undifferentiated cell that can divide by mitosis and differentiate into any specialised cell

Question 8

TRIPLE ONLY
State two advantages of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 8

They can be used to in stem cell therapy to treat damaged tissue

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type

Question 9

TRIPLE ONLY
Explain why stem cells are important

Answer 9

For growth of tissue and replacement of cells
To produce specialised cells
For asexual reproduction

Question 10

TRIPLE ONLY
What is the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Answer 10

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type

Adult stem cells can only differentiate into some cell types

Question 11

TRIPLE ONLY
Where are stem cells found in animals and plants

Answer 11

Animals = embryos (embryonic stem cells) and bone marrow (adult stem cells)

Plants = meristem tissue

Question 12

TRIPLE ONLY
State two disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 12

They can carry and transfer viruses

Their use can prevent development of life