1A&1B Nature & Variety of organisms

Question 1

Name the 8 characteristics of life

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control Internal Conditions
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Define the term excretion

Answer 2

Removal of metabolic waste (urea & CO2)

Question 3

Name the four Eukaryotic kingdoms

Answer 3

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists

Question 4

What do all Eukaryotes have in common

Answer 4

DNA inside a nucleus,
All have membrane-bound organelles (i.e. mitochondria)

Question 5

What do all Prokaryotes have in common

Answer 5

DNA free in cytoplasm (no nucleus)
No membrane bound organelles
Contain plasmids

Question 6

List the common features of animals

Answer 6

Multicellular
Can move
Use nervous coordination
Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 7

List the common features of plants

Answer 7

Multicellular
Have chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Have cellulose cell walls
Store carbohydrates as starch

Question 8

List the common features of fungi

Answer 8

Uni or multicellular
Made from hyphae (threads)
Organised into a mycelium
Have chitin cell walls
Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 9

Give examples of each eukaryote:
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctista

Answer 9

Animals = humans, housefly, mosquito
Plants = cereals i.e. maize, legumes i.e. beans
Fungi = Mucor and yeast
Protoctist = Amoeba (in pond water), Chlorella (photosynthesise) and Plasmodium (malaria)

Question 10

List the common features of protoctists

Answer 10

Microscopic and unicellular
Some have chloroplasts, some don’t

Question 11

List the common features of bacteria

Answer 11

Microscopic and unicellular
Have cell wall
Contain plasmids
Have circular chromosomes of DNA

Question 12

List the common features of viruses

Answer 12

Non-living and parasitic
Can only reproduce inside cells
Have a protein coat
Have DNA or RNA

Question 13

Which three kingdoms (groups of organisms) have cell walls and what are they made of

Answer 13

Plants = cellulose
Fungi = chitin
Bacteria = peptidoglycan

Question 14

Describe the function of these organelles common to eukaryotes:
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria

Answer 14

Nucleus = controls the cell
Cell membrane = controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm = where chemical reactions occur
Ribosomes = where protein synthesis occurs
Mitochondria = where aerobic respiration occurs

Question 15

Describe the function of these organelles common to plants:
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Answer 15

Cell wall = provides strength and support
Vacuole = contains cell sap
Chloroplasts = where photosynthesis occurs

Question 16

Describe the function of these organelles common to bacterium:
Flagella
Plasmids

Answer 16

Flagella = helps the bacterium move
Plasmid = loop of extra DNA (can be used in genetic engineering)

Question 17

Give examples of bacteria

Answer 17

Lactobacillus bulgaricus = used to make yoghurt,
Pneumococcus = pathogen that causes pneumonia

Question 18

Give examples of viruses

Answer 18

Tobacco mosaic virus = stops tobacco plants making chloroplasts (plant discolours)
Influenza virus = causes flu
HIV virus = causes AIDS