29.3 Flashcards
1
Q
What was the state of the countries at the beginning of 1942?
A
- German bombers kept bombing Britain
- Germany expanded into the Soviet Union
- Japan was unstoppable in the Pacific
2
Q
Why did the Allies commit to total war?
A
To stop the Axis powers
3
Q
What does total war mean?
A
Nations devote all of their resources to the war effort
4
Q
What were some things that happened during total war?
A
- US and Great Britain achieved max war production by increasing political power
- Factories asked to make airplanes and tanks not cars, ect.
- Gov. rationed food and supplies that people can buy
- Wage prices were regulate
- Ended unemployment
5
Q
What does wage prices mean?
A
Money donated to the war effort by citizens that will be payed back
6
Q
The pressure of the war caused democratic govs to…
A
- Limit citizen rights
- Censor press
- Use propoganda
7
Q
Japanese citizens in the US and Canada lost…
A
- Jobs
- Property
8
Q
Where were Japanese citizens interned in the US and Canada and why?
A
Camps because the government decided they were a security risk
9
Q
Who did similar thing like camps to German refuges?
A
Britain
10
Q
When men joined the military what did women take over?
A
Jobs
11
Q
Who were women symbolized by?
A
Rosie the Riveter
12
Q
Who was Rosie the Riveter?
A
A woman who built ships, planes, and munitions
13
Q
British and US women served what kind of jobs?
A
Auxiliary roles
14
Q
Examples of auxiliary roles?
A
- Driving ambulances
- Delivering airplanes
- Decoding messages
15
Q
What continent did women fight the resistance in?
A
Europe
16
Q
French women helped…
A
Allied pilots escape
17
Q
Soviet women served…
A
Combat roles
18
Q
Who was Lily Litvak and what did she do?
A
She was a soviet and shot 12 German planes before she died
19
Q
1942-43 Allies won on…
A
4 fronts
20
Q
What countries were these fronts on?
(4 fronts Allies won?)
A
- Pacific
- Italy
- North Africa
- France
21
Q
What battle was Japans first major setback?
A
Battle of Coral Sea (Pacific)
22
Q
How long was the Battle of Coral Sea?
A
5 days
23
Q
What form of transportation were these attacks on and why?
A
By plane\ aircraft carriers so the enemy ships never saw them coming it was the first time in naval history
24
Q
What were aircraft carriers?
A
Ships that transport aircrafts and accommodate take-off and landing airplanes
25
What were the japanese prevent from during the battle of coral sea?
Seizing major islands
26
Americans destroyed what? (japanese transportation)
- Aircraft carriers
- Cruisers and destroyers
27
Was the Battle of Coral Sea an impressive win for Allies?
Yes
28
What battle in 1942 was fought entirely in the air?
Battle of Midway
29
How many Japanese planes and aircraft carriers did Americans destroy during the battle of midway?
- 250 planes
- 4 aircraft carriers
30
After Battle of Midway Japan was no longer able to launch...
Offensive operation
31
What did Allied leader do when the US entered the war?
Met periodically for stratigic planning
32
Who were the Big Three?
(They were people)
- Stalin
- Churchill
- Roosevelt
33
What did the Big Three say in 1942?
(What was their plan?)
Finish war in Europe before ending war in Asia
34
What were some forms of distrust in the Big Three?
- Churchill and Roosevelt feared that Stalin would want to dominate Europe
- Stalin thought the West wanted to destroy Communism
35
What happened at the Tehran Conference and where was the conference held?
- Iran in late 1943
- Churchill and Roosevelt let the outlined borders on N - S Pact remain against the wishes of poland's gov - in - exile
- Churchill and Roosevelt wanted to open a second front against Germany in Western Europe
36
What did Stalin see as a ploy do weaken the SU?
The delay of resources
37
Who led the British in North Africa?
General Bernard Montgomery
38
Who did Britain fight under Montgomery?
Rommel
39
Desert Fox advances halted after...
Battle of Alamein (Nov. 1942)
40
Allied tanks sent Axis back to where? (2 countries)
- Libya
- Tunisia
41
What did the US and Britain do in 1942?
Joined armys
42
Who commanded the joined B and US army and where did they fight?
- Dwight Eisenhower
- Morocco
- Algeria
43
When did Rommel's army surrender and why?
May 1943 because they were trapped by Allies in Tunisia
44
What did the Allies control over North Africa allow?
A passage through Mediterranean through Italy
45
July 1943 Brit and US first land where?
Sicily
46
Where does US and Brit land second in July 1943?
Southern Italy
47
How long did it take for the US and B to defeat Italy?
1 month
48
After Italian defeat in 1943 what did the Italians do?
- Overthrow Mussolini
- Signed armistice
49
After the overthrow of Mussolini what did Germany do?
- They went to save Mussolini
- Strengthen Italians fighting in the North
50
After 18 months Allies pushed through?
Italian Peninsula (harder bc of German resistance)
51
How did Allies making it to the Italian peninsula weaken Germany?
Hitler had to fight on another front
52
When and where did SU make lightning advance?
- 1941 while Hitler was stalled
- Moscow and Leningrad
53
What did Hitler launch in 1942?
Offensive towards rich oil fields of the South
54
How far did Hitlers oil offensive make it?
Stalingrad (bad for Hitler)
55
What was one of the costliest battles of the war?
Battle of Stalingrad
56
What was Hitler determined to steal from Stalin?
His name city
57
What was the timeline of the battle of stalingrad?
- Germany surrounded the city
- Long fights (ex: 2 week fight over a single building)
- In November Soviets encircles attackers
- Germany surrendered in January 1943
58
When did struggle rage?
Winter
59
After battle of Stalingrad what did the Red Army do?
Forced Germany out completely
60
What did Hitler lose after the Battle of Stalingrad?
- Soldiers
- Equipment
61
Where was the SU advancing in 1944?
Eastern Europe
62
What was another front Allies wanted to open in 1944?
Invading France
63
To prepare for the next Allied front in 1944 Allies...
Flew bombers over Germany contantly
64
The invasion of France took a lot of what?
Planning
65
What were the Allies bomb targets in Germany?
- Factories
- Aircrafts that could be used against invasion force
- Railroads and bridges in France
66
What was D - Day?
June 6th 1944 day Allies chose to Attack France
67
What did the Allies do on June 5th?
Put paratroopers behind enemy lines
67
What did the Allies do on June 5th?
Put paratroopers behind enemy lines
68
What happened on June 6th at dawn?
156,000 Allies troops on thousands of ferries crossed english channel
69
What happened in August of 1944? (part of d-day)
General George s. Patton helped Brit and US fight through Germany and advance towards Paris
70
Some Allied troops sailed from where to get to where?
Italy to get to Southern France
71
Who rose against Germany? (d-day)
French resistance forces
72
Did Germans retreat? (d-day)
Yes
73
What happened on August 25th, 1944?
Allies entered Paris
74
What happened a month after Allies invaded Paris?
France was free
75
What does incessant mean?
Uninterrupted
76
What did allies bomb for years in Germany? (places)
- Military bases
- Factories
- Railroads
- Oil depots
- Cities
77
What was the goal of Allies bombing Germany?
Destroy German industries and civilian morale
78
It tooks 10 days of bombing for what?
- Industrial City of Hampsburg destroyed
- 40,000 civilians killed
79
What happened in February 1945? (what did Allies do)
Allies raided Dresden, one of the most beautiful places in Europe even though it is no industrial
80
How many people died in the raid on Dresden?
135,000
81
Where did Allied armies advance in december?
Belgium
82
What did Germany's massive counterattack cause?
Bloody Battle of the Buldge
83
How long did the battle of the bulge last?
1 month and both sides had major loses
84
What did the battle of the bulge delay?
Allied advancement to the west
- Only for 6 weeks
- Germ still didn't break through
85
Where did the SU finally make it against germany during the BoB?
Berlin (against Germany)
86
What happened once Hitlers support started declining?
Military officers tried to kill him
87
What was inevitable by early 1945?
German defeat
88
Where did the big three meet to discuss strategy after BoB?
Yalta in souther SU
89
What did Stalin believe and what did FDR and CH believe?
- Stalin said SU should maintain control of Eastern Europe
- CH and FDR favored self- determination
90
What does self- determination mean?
Gives people the right to choose their own gov
91
What agreement did the big three make?
- SU would enter war with Japan within 3 months after German surrender
- In return CH and FDR promised Stalin the SU would take possession of Sakhalin and Kuril islands (occupation zone, korea)
92
What was the plan for Germany after their defeat?
Germ divided into 4 sections and split between
- France
- US
- SU
- Britain
93
What did Stalin agree to hold for Europe?
Free elections
