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Chemistry > 2.9 Gas Chemistry > Flashcards

2.9 Gas Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of the atmosphere does nitrogen make up ?

A

78%

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2
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere does oxygen make up ?

A

21%

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3
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere does argon make up ?

A

1%

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4
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere does carbon dioxide make up ?

A

0.03-0.04%

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5
Q

What percentage do other noble gases make up ?

A

Small proportions

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6
Q

How much of the atmosphere does water vapor make up ?

A

Varying proportions

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7
Q

What is meant by soluble gases ?

A

Gases that are soluble in water

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8
Q

How are gases that are soluble in water collected in the laboratory?

A

Gases that are soluble in water are collected by displacement of air and so the density of the gas compared to air must be considered

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9
Q

How are soluble gases which are less dense than air collected and give an example of a gas ?

A

Soluble gases less dense than air must be collected by displacement of air using the upward delivery method e.g. ammonia (NH³) gas

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10
Q

How are soluble gases more dense or denser than air collected ?

A

Soluble gases that are denser than air must be collected by displacement of air using the downward delivery method e.g. sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas

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11
Q

How are insoluble gases collected in the laboratory?

A

Gases that are insoluble in water are collected over water.

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12
Q

What three insoluble gases are collected over water and why ?

A

Hydrogen is insoluble in water
Oxygen is only slightly soluble in water
Carbon dioxide slightly solubility in water
Meaning that all three gases are collected over water

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13
Q

What are 3 uses of Hydrogen?

A
  • Hardening oils (to make margarine)
  • Clean fuel
  • Weather balloons
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14
Q

What are the physical properties of Hydrogen gas ?

A

-Colourless
- Odourless
- Less dense than air
- Insoluble in water

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15
Q

What is meant by a clean fuel ?

A

A fuel that doesn’t produce any carbon dioxide pollution

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16
Q

How can Hydrogen gas be used as a clean fuel ?

A

Because Hydrogen gas burns in oxygen to produce only water which results in its potential use as a clean fuel, the burning of hydrogen produces no carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) pollution

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17
Q

How can Hydrogen be prepared in the laboratory?

A

Hydrogen can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting zinc or magnesium metal with an acid. ( Metal + Acid > Salt + Hydrogen)

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18
Q

What is the word equation for the preparation of hydrogen?

A

Zinc + Hydrochloric acid > Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen

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19
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for the preparation of Hydrogen?

A

Zn + 2HC > ZnCl² + H²

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20
Q

What can be observed when preparing Hydrogen in the lab ?

A
  • Bubbles of colourless gas (Hydrogen)
  • Grey solid disappears (Zinc)
  • Heat is given off ( exothermic reaction)
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21
Q

What is the test for hydrogen ?

A
  • Place a lit splint in hydrogen gas
  • Hydrogen burns with a squeaky pop
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22
Q

What are 2 uses of oxygen ?

A
  • Medicine
  • Welding
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23
Q

What are the physical properties of Oxygen?

A
  • Colourless
  • Odourless
  • Less dense than air
  • Soluble in water
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24
Q

How can Oxygen be prepared in the lab?

A
  • Oxygen can be prepared from the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with the use of a manganese (IV) oxide (MnO²) catalyst.
  • Hydrogen Peroxide is a colourless liquid and Manganese (IV) oxide is a black solid.
  • A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in the process so the black solid remains
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25
Q

What is the word equation for the preparation of Oxygen?

A

Hydrogen peroxide > Water + Oxygen

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26
Q

What is the symbol equation for the preparation of Oxygen?

A

2H²O² > 2H²O + O²

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27
Q

What observations can be seen in the preparation of Oxygen in the laboratory ?

A
  • Bubbles of colourless gas ( Oxygen)
  • Heat is given off ( exothermic)
  • Black solid remains ( catalyst)
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28
Q

What is the test for oxygen ?

A
  • Place a glowing splint in oxygen gas
  • The glowing splint will relight
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29
Q

What is the symbol equation for carbon reacting with oxygen?

A

C + O² > CO²

30
Q

What can be observed when carbon burns in oxygen?

A

-The black powder (Carbon) burns with an orange sooty flame and sparks are produced.
- A colourless gas forms ( Carbon dioxide)

31
Q

Non metal oxides are usually acidic or basic ?

A

Non metal oxides are usually Acidic

32
Q

What is the nature of Carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide is acidic

33
Q

What is the symbol equation for the burning of sulfur with oxygen to form an oxide ?

A

S + O² > SO²

34
Q

What is the symbol equation for the burning of sulfur with oxygen to form an oxide ?

A

S + O² > SO²

35
Q

What can be observed when sulfur burns with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide?

A

The yellow solid (Sulfur) melts to form a red liquid which burns with a blue flame and forms a colourless pungent gas (sulfur dioxide)

36
Q

What is the nature of sulfur dioxide?

A

Sulfur dioxide is acidic

37
Q

What is the symbol equation for magnesium burning with oxygen to form an oxide ?

A

Mg + O² > MgO

38
Q

What can be observed when magnesium burns with oxygen to form magnesium oxide ?

A
  • The grey solid (magnesium) burns with a bright white light,
  • Gives out heat ( exothermic)
  • Forms a white solid ( magnesium oxide)
39
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for the burning of Iron in oxygen to form an oxide?

A

3Fe + 2O² > Fe³O⁴

40
Q

What can be observed when Iron burns in Oxygen to form Iron Oxide ?

A

The grey solid iron filings burn with orange sparks and form a black solid ( iron oxide)

41
Q

What is the symbol equation for the burning of Copper in Oxygen to form an oxide?

A

Cu + O² > CuO

42
Q

What can be observed when Copper burns in Oxygen to form Copper Oxide ?

A

The red - brown solid (Copper) glows red and burns with a blue-green flame
to form a black solid ( copper oxide)

43
Q

What are Acidic Oxides ?

A

Acidic oxides are generally oxides of non-metals that will react with alkalis to form a salt and water

44
Q

What is the equation for Acidic Oxide reacting with alkalis to form Salt and water ?

A

Acidic Oxide + Alkali > Salt + Water

45
Q

What are 2 examples of acidic oxides ?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Oxide

46
Q

What are Basic Oxides ?

A
  • Basic Oxides are generally oxides of metals that will react with acid to form a salt and water
  • Basic Oxide + Acid > Salt + Water
47
Q

What are 3 examples of Basic Oxides ?

A
  • Magnesium oxide
  • Iron oxide
  • Copper oxide
48
Q

What are 3 uses of Carbon dioxide ?

A
  • Fire extinguishers ( CO² doesn’t support combustion)
  • Making carbonated drinks
49
Q

What are the physical properties of Carbon Dioxide?

A
  • Colourless
  • Odourless
  • Denser than air
  • Soluble in water
50
Q

How can Carbon dioxide be prepared in the laboratory?

A

Carbon Dioxide can be prepared by reacting calcium carbonate ( marble chips) with Hydrochloric acid.

51
Q

What is the word equation for the preparation of carbon dioxide in the lab ?

A

Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid > Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide

52
Q

What does carbon dioxide form when it reacts with water ?

A

Carbonic acid

53
Q

What is the symbol equation for carbon dioxide reacting with water to form carbonic acid

A

CO² + H²O > H²CO³

54
Q

What is the symbol equation for the preparation of Carbon dioxide in the laboratory ?

A
  • CaCO³ + 2HCl > CaCl + H²O + CO²
  • Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid > Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide
55
Q

What can be observed when preparing Carbon dioxide in the lab ?

A
  • Bubbles of colourless gas (Carbon Dioxide)
  • White solid disappears (Calcium Carbonate - Marble Chips)
  • Heat is given off (exothermic)
56
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A
  • Bubble the gas through limewater (calcium hydroxide)
  • The limewater changes from colourless to milky ( White precipitate of Calcium Carbonate)
    Precipitate is an insoluble solid which forms in solution
57
Q

What happens if the carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater in excess

A

When Carbon Dioxide is bubled through the limewater (calcium hydroxide) the solution will change Colourless to milky. If more carbon dioxide is bubbled through in excess the solution will change from milky to colourless as a result of the (calcium carbonate) precipitate dissolving to form a colourless solution of calcium hydrogencarbonate

58
Q

What are the 2 uses of Nitrogen?

A
  • Liquid nitrogen is a coolant
  • Food packaging - as nitrogen is an unreactive gas it creates an inert atmosphere to keep the food fresh
59
Q

What are the physical properties of Nitrogen ?

A
  • Colourless
  • Odourless
  • Unreactive gas
  • Insoluble
60
Q

Why is Nitrogen an unreactive gas ?

A

It is an unreactive gas due to the strong triple covalent bond between the nitrogen atoms in the N² molecule

61
Q

Nitrogen is a diatomic element meaning what ?

A

Two of the same atoms covalently bonded in a molecule

62
Q

How is ammonia made ?

A

Ammonia is made in the Haber process through the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen

63
Q

What are 2 uses of ammonia ?

A
  • Manufacture of hairdye
  • Manufacture of fertilisers (ammonia can react with acids to form fertilisers)
64
Q

What are the physical properties of ammonia ?

A
  • Colourless
  • Pungent gas
  • Less dense than air
  • insoluble in water
65
Q

What is the test for ammonia?

A

-Dip a glass rod into concentrated hydrochloric acid
- Hold the glass rod in a sample of gas ( over the neck of the test tube)
- If ammonia is present a white ‘smoke’ is observed (ammonium chloride)

66
Q

What is formed when Carbon dioxide reacts with water ?

A

Carbonic acid

67
Q

What happens when Sulfur oxide reacts with water ?

A
  • It forms Sulfurous acid (PH 3-6)
  • SO² + H²O > H²SO³
68
Q

What happens when Carbon dioxide reacts with an alkali like sodium hydroxide ?

A
  • Acidic oxide + alkali > salt + water
  • CO² + NaOH > Na²CO³ + H²O
69
Q

What happens when sulfur oxide reacts with the alkali potassium hydroxide ?

A

Acidic Oxide + Alkali > Salt + Water
SO² + 2KOH > K²SO³ + H²O
Sulfur oxide + potassium hydroxide > potassium sulfate + water

70
Q

Is Carbon dioxide less or more dense than air

A

Carbon dioxide is more dense than air

71
Q

What is the density of Oxygen ?

A

Oxygen is about the same density as air

72
Q

What is the density of hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen is less dense than air?

Chemistry (6 decks)

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