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Chemistry > 2.1 Metals and The Reactivity Series > Flashcards

2.1 Metals and The Reactivity Series Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive ? Think of a Ryhme

A

Potassium - Peter
Sodium - Smith
Calcium - Can
Magnesium - Make
Aluminium - A
Zinc - Zoo
Iron - In
Copper -Coleraine

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2
Q

When potassium reacts with air what can be observed ?

A

Potassium burns with a lilac flame producing a white solid ( Potassium Oxide)
- 4K + O² > 2K²O

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3
Q

What can be seen when sodium reacts with air ?

A

Sodium burns with a yellow/orange flame producing a white solid (sodium oxide)
4Na + O² > 2Na²O

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4
Q

What can be seen when calcium reacts with air ?

A

Calcium burns with a brick red flame producing a white solid ( calcium oxide )
2ca + O² > 2CaO

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5
Q

What can be observed when magnesium reacts with air ?

A

Magnesium burns with a bright white light forming a white solid ( magnesium oxide)
2Mg + O² > 2MgO

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6
Q

What can be observed when aluminium reacts with air ?

A

Aluminium powder burns with a bright white light forming a white solid
4Al + 3O² > 2Al²O³

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7
Q

What can be observed when zinc reacts with air ?

A

Zinc glows orange and produces a yellow solid which changes to white on cooling ( zinc oxide)
2Zn + O² > 2ZnO

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8
Q

What can be observed when Iron reacts with air?

A

Iron filings burn with orange sparks producing a black solid ( Iron oxide - Fe³O⁴)
3Fe + 2O² > Fe³O⁴

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9
Q

What can be observed when copper reacts with air?

A

Copper glows orange and produces a black solid ( copper(II) oxide)
2Cu + O² > 2CuO

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10
Q

What metals react with water ?

A

Potassium, sodium and calcium

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11
Q

What can be observed when potassium reacts with cold water ?

A
  • Potassium floats
  • Moves very rapidly across the surface
  • Bubbles of gas are released
  • Heat is released
  • Ignites with a lilac flame
  • Crackles/ explosion at the end
  • Colourless solution forms
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12
Q

What can be observed when Sodium reacts with cold water ?

A
  • Floats
  • Moves rapidly across the surface
  • Bubbles of gas are released
  • Heat is released
  • Melts to form a sphere of molten metal
  • Colourless solution is formed
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13
Q

What can be observed when Calcium reacts with cold water ?

A
  • Granules sink and rise continuously
  • Bubbles of gas are released
  • Heat is released
  • Grey powdered solid forms in the water
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14
Q

What is the word equation for metals reacting with cold water?

A

Metal + Water > Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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15
Q

What is the reactivity trend moving down a group ?

A
  • Atoms get bigger moving down a group
  • Outer electrons are further from the central nucleus i.e weaker attraction between outer electrons (-) and nucleus (+)
  • less energy is needed to move outer electron(s)
  • Atoms become more reactive
  • Reactivity increases down a group
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16
Q

What happens to Reactivity moving across a period ?

A

Reactivity decreases across a period

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17
Q

What happens to Reactivity moving down a group

A

Reactivity increases down a group

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18
Q

What is the reactivity trend moving across a period?

A
  • Atoms get smaller moving across a period
  • Outer electrons become closer to the central nucleus so the attraction between outer electron(s) and nucleus become stronger
  • More energy is required to remove outer electron(s)
  • Atoms become less reactive
  • Reactivity decreases across a period
19
Q

How should the reaction of metals with air be carried out if they are very reactive metals ?

A

Potassium and sodium (Group 1) are very reactive metals and these should be heated in the flame of a Bunsen burner and then reacted with oxygen within a sealed glass jar.

20
Q

How are less reactive metals reacted with air ?

A

The less reactive series from calcium to copper can be reacted directly with oxygen in the air when heated.
- This can be done by heating the powdered metal in a crucible - the crucible lid is lifted occasionally during the heating to allow more air to get into the crucible

21
Q

How is the reaction of the reactive metals and water carried out?

A
  • This is for potassium and sodium
    -A small piece of the metal is placed in a trough half full of water (large volume of water)
  • The reaction is carried out behind a safety screen and the metal is handled using tongs
  • use safety goggles
22
Q

How is the reaction of calcium and Magnesium carried out with water ?

A
23
Q

What metals react with steam ?

A

-Magnesium
- Zinc
- Aluminium
- Iron

24
Q

What can be observed when Magnesium reacts with steam ?

A
  • Bright white light is produced
  • A white powder remains
25
Q

What can be observed when Zinc reacts with Steam ?

A
  • Glows and produces a white powder
  • Yellow powder turns white when cooled
26
Q

What can be observed when aluminium reacts with steam?

A
  • Glows and produces a white powder
  • White powder remains
27
Q

What can be observed when Iron reacts with steam?

A

-Iron is heated until it blows red
-Black solid forms

28
Q

What is the word equation for metals reacting with steam ?

A

Metal + Steam > Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

29
Q

Where does carbon go in the reactivity series?

A

Between aluminium and zinc

30
Q

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted from their ore (metal oxide)

A

Metals less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their ore by chemical reduction (gain of electrons/loss of oxygen) using carbon of carbon monoxide

31
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted from their ore?

A

Metals more reactive than carbon are extracted using electrolysis - the breakdown of a substance using electricity

32
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The breakdown of a substance using electricity

33
Q

What 2 metals are pure metals

A

Gold and silver

34
Q

What 2 metals corrode quickly?

A

Iron and steel

35
Q

What type of reaction is rusting ?

A

Rusting is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form rust

36
Q

What is the full chemical name of rust ?

A

Hydrated Iron(III) oxide = Fe²O³xH²O the H²O is variable in rust depending on the amount of water present

37
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for rust ?

A

Iron + Oxygen + Water > Rust
Fe + O² + H²O > Fe²O³xH²O

38
Q

How is rusting speeded up ?

A

Rusting is speeded up by the presence of acid (e.g. dissolved

39
Q

What are the problems of rusting ?

A

Iron or steel is the main metal used in large constructions (eg bridges, machinery and scaffolding) and so rusting of these things has economic and environmental implications
- Unsafe - Rust is weaker than the metal iron
- Expensive - Iron is relatively easy to extract from its ore and so it’s a cheap metal, however rusty iron cannot be recycled so must be replaced when it rusts, so it’s expensive to repair
- It is Unsightly - Tonnes of rusty iron get thrown onto land fill sites as it cannot be recycled and therefore it affects the environment

40
Q

What is steel

A

Steel is an alloy of iron which also contains carbon

41
Q

What are the barrier methods of preventing rust ?

A

Painting - Gates, fences and cars
Oiling or greasing - moving engine parts, hinges , bike chains
Plastic coating - wires and chains
Chromium Plating - decorative items e.g. taps
Galvanising (covering with a layer of zinc) - Gates, buckets, nails

42
Q

What is another method of preventing rust used for hull of ships ?

A

Sacrificial protection

43
Q

What is galvanising and how does it work ?

A
  • Galvanising is a barrier method which prevents rusting and it involves covering the iron in a layer of zinc.
  • Zinc is more reactive than iron causing zinc to react first and so zinc reacts before iron, even where the zinc coating is scratched or broken
44
Q

What is sacrificial protection and how does it work ?

A

Chemistry (6 decks)

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