Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Krystan: Semester Two Nursing School > 2820 Pharmacology Exam Three > Flashcards

2820 Pharmacology Exam Three Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer drugs can be split into what two categories?

A

Cytotoxic and noncytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanism of action for alkylating agents

A

Forming bonds/links with DNA, preventing normal cellular division, leading to cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cells are very sensitive to the actions of alkylating agents?

A

Blood cells (bone marrow suppression is limiting factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What symptoms do alkylating agents cause due to damage to GI epithelial cells?

A

N/V/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a common drug classification for alkylating agents?

A

Nitrogen mustards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effect do nitrogen mustards have on cells?

A

They kill rapidly growing cells by alkylating DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism of action for antimetabolites

A

Structurally similar to cell proteins/nucleic acids, but when cells try to make DNA or RNA with them, cells die or growth is very hindered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main dose-limiting effect of antimetabolites?

A

Bone marrow toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do antitumor antibiotics work?

A

They bind to DNA and affect its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the potential damages if antitumor antibiotics infiltrate the IV?

A

Damage to skin, subcutaneous tissue, and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major dose limiting adverse effect of antitumor antibiotics?

A

Cardiac toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mechanism of action for antimitotic cancer drugs

A

Prevention of cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerves may be damaged by antimitotic cancer drugs?

A

Autonomic nerves

Can also cause peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists used?

A

In palliative therapy of advanced prostate cancer when patient doesnt want surgical castration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanism of action for androgen receptor blockers?

A

Blocking testosterone at the receptor site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are androgen receptor blockers used?

A

Prostate cancer treatment (often in conjunction with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mechanism of action for estrogen receptor blockers

A

Stops growth of breast cancer cells in estrogen receptor positive cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mechanism of action for aromatase inhibitors

A

Stops breast cancer cell growth by blocking estrogen production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Monoclonal antibody mechanism of action

A

Targets breast cancer cells, prevents cell growth, and causes cell death in HER-2 positive tumors (human epidermal growth factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tamoxifen: class

A

Estrogen receptor blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Interferon alfa 2b: class

A

Biologic response modifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the serious side effect that interferon alfa 2b can cause?

A

Depression/suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanism of action: monoclonal antibodies

A

Binds to target cells, triggering cell death or marking it for destruction by other immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Therapeutic uses of estrogens

A

Contraception
Acne
Control of postmenopausal manifestations
Control of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What effects can estrogen have on coagulation?
Can either suppress it or promote it, depending on genetics. Increased DVT risk (contraindicated in history of thromboembolism)
26
What thromboembolic events can occur with progesterone?
MI Pulmonary embolism Thrombophlebitis Stroke
27
Pharmacological action of hormonal contraceptives
Prevents ovulation and alters endometrial lining to reduce chance of fertilization
28
What thromboembolic events may occur with hormonal contraceptives?
MI pulmonary embolism Thrombophlebitis Stroke
29
What are some things to teach patients about hormonal contraceptives?
Not 100% effective Follow regimen exactly Not STD preventative Use backup contraceptive for first 30 days
30
Therapeutic use of androgens
Hypogonadism or delayed puberty in males
31
Describe androgenic effects for males
Acne Priapism Increased hair growth Penile enlargement
32
Androgenic effects for females
``` Irregular or no menstruation Hirutism Weight gain Lowering of voice Clitoris growth Vaginitis Baldness ```
33
Pharmacological action of 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Decreasing usable testosterone by inhibiting the conversion enzyme
34
Therapeutic use of 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
BPH
35
5 alpha reductase exemplar drug
Finasteride
36
Pharmacological action of alpha one adrenergic antagonists
Decreased mechanical obstruction of urethra by relaxing smooth muscle of prostate and bladder
37
Therapeutic uses of alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists
BPH | HTN
38
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists
Tamsulosin
39
Pharmacological action of uterine stimulants
Increased strength, frequency, and length of uterine contractions
40
Therapeutic use for oxytocin
Labor induction/enhancement Placental delivery Postpartum hemorrhage
41
Nursing actions when administering oxytocin
Monitor mom’s vitals closely Monitor contractions closely Assess fetal status
42
Terbutaline: class
Tocolytic medication
43
Terbutaline: mechanism of action
Activation of beta 2 receptors to cause uterine smooth muscle relaxation
44
Therapeutic use of terbutaline/tocolytic medications
Delay labor (can be used for up to 48 hours but is not for preventing labor)
45
Possible maternal effects of tocolytic meds?
Tachycardia Chest pain Palpitations Hypotension
46
Possible fetal effects of tocolytic meds
Tachycardia
47
Lispro: type of insulin
Rapid acting
48
Regular insulin: type
Short acting
49
NPH insulin: type
Intermediate acting
50
Glargine insulin: type
Long acting
51
Pharmacological actions of insulin
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose Conversion of glucose to glycogen Moves potassium into cells
52
Which patients require insulin treatment?
All type 1 diabetics and some type 2 diabetics
53
What might make a client with T2DM require insulin?
Diabetes not being controllable by diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetics Renal or liver disease Surgery or stress Neuropathy
54
Possible causes of hypoglycemia
``` Too much insulin Too little food Vomiting or diarrhea Alcohol intake Extreme exercise Childbirth ```
55
What are some signs of abrupt onset hypoglycemia (sympathetic nervous system effects)?
Tachycardia Palpitations Sweating Shakiness
56
What are some signs and symptoms of gradual onset hypoglycemia (parasympathetic effects)?
``` Headache Tremors Weakness Lethargy Disorientation ```
57
What should the nurse administer to a conscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia?
15 grams of carbs
58
What should be given to a hypoglycemic patient who is not fully conscious?
Paraenteral, subcutaneous, or IM glucose or glucagon
59
Pharmacological action of sulfonylureas (glipizide and glyburide)
Increase insulin release from pancreas | Clean increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
60
Possible complications of sulfonylureas
Hypoglycemia | Weight gain
61
Metformin: class
Biguanides
62
Biguanides: pharmacological action
Glycogenesis suppression (reducing liver production of glucose) Increase glucose uptake and use in fat and muscle Decreased GI glucose absorption
63
Possible complications of metformin
GI issues Lactic acidosis B12/folic acid deficiencies
64
What are some signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis?
Hyperventilation Myalgia Sluggishness Somnolence
65
Contraindications for metformin
``` DKA Shock Severe infection Kidney impairment Hypoxia ```
66
In general, what do amylin mimetics do?
Mimic the peptide hormone amylin
67
Amylin mimetics: pharmacological action
Decrease gastric emptying time Inhibit glucagon secretion Cause satiety, decreasing caloric intake
68
Amylin mimetics: therapeutic use
Supplemental glucose control for types 1 and 2 | Insulin supplement
69
Amylin mimetics: contraindications
Kidney failure/dialysis
70
In general, what do incretin mimetics do?
Mimic glucagon-like peptide incretin
71
Incretin mimetics: pharmacological action
Promote insulin release Decrease glucagon secretion Slow gastric emptying Decrease appetite
72
Incretin mimetics: use
Supplemental glucose control in T2DM
73
Glucagon: pharmacological action
Increase breakdown on glycogen into glucose
74
For what emergency situation is glycogen given?
Insulin toxicity (hypoglycemic reactions)
75
Levothyroxine: pharmacological action
``` Increases: Metabolism Cardiac output Renal perfusion Oxygen use Temperature Blood volume Growth ```
76
Levothyroxine: therapeutic use
Hypothyroidism Goiter Cretinism Myxedema coma
77
Possible complications of levothyroxine (thyroid hormone)
``` Overmedication (causing thyrotoxicosis) Chronic over treatment (can cause a fib and bone loss) Anxiety Tachycardia Chest pain Nervousness Tremors Palpitations Fever Diaphoresis Weight loss ```
78
What are signs of cardiac excitability related to thyroid hormone?
Angina Chest pain Palpitations Dysrhythmias
79
When should thyroid hormone be administered?
Daily on an empty stomach 30-60 min before breakfast
80
Propylthiouracil: class
Thionomides
81
Propylthiouracil: pharmacological action
Blocks synthesis of TH Prevents oxidation of iodine Blocks conversion of T4 into T3
82
Propylthiouracil: therapeutic use
Graves’ disease Prep for thyroid removal surgery Emergency treatment of thyrotoxicosis Adjunct to irradiation of thyroid
83
Signs and symptoms of overmedication with propylthiouracil
``` Drowsiness Depression Weight gain Edema Bradycardia Anorexia Cold intolerance Dry skin ```
84
When should propylthiouracil be taken?
Consistent times each day with meals
85
Why should propylthiouracil not be stopped abruptly?
Risk of thyroid crisis
86
What foods should be avoided when taking propylthiouracil?
Shellfish and other iodine containing foods
87
Radioactive iodine: pharmacological action
Destroys some thyroid hormone producing cells
88
Radioactive iodine: therapeutic use with high doses
Hyperthyroidism | Thyroid cancer
89
Radioactive iodine: therapeutic use with low doses
Thyroid function studies
90
What are s/s of radiation sickness caused by radioactive iodine?
Hematemesis Epistaxis N/V
91
What are signs of hypothyroidism caused by radioactive iodine?
``` Cold intolerance Edema Bradycardia Weight gain Depression ```
92
Pharmacological action of strong iodine solution
Reduce iodine uptake and inhibit thyroid hormone production | Blocks release of TH into bloodstream
93
Strong iodine solution: therapeutic uses
Reduction of thyroid size prior to removal | Emergency treatment of thyrotoxicosis
94
What is iodism?
Early iodine toxicity
95
What are some other complications that can occur with iodine products?
Metallic taste in mouth Stomatitis Sore teeth and gums
96
Somatropin: class
Anterior pituitary hormone/growth hormone
97
Somatropin: pharmacological action
Stimulate growth and protein production | Decrease glucose use
98
Somatropin: use
Pediatric and adult GH deficiency
99
For whom is somatropin contraindicated and why?
Those who are severely obese or have severe respiratory impairment like sleep apnea, because of a higher fatality risk
100
Why is somatropin used cautiously in diabetic clients?
Risk of hyperglycemia
101
When should somatropin med therapy be stopped?
Prior to epiphyseal plate closure
102
Erythropoietin: action
Acts on bone marrow to increase RBC production
103
Erythropoietin: use
Anemia related to CKD
104
Filgrastim: class
Leukopoietic growth factor
105
Filgrastim: action
Stimulates bone marrow to increase neutrophil production
106
Filgrastim: use
Help in decreasing infection risk in clients who have neutropenia from cancer or other conditions
107
Sargramostim: class
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
108
Sargramostim: action
Acts on bone marrow to increase white blood cell production
109
Sargramostim: use
Older adults with acute myelogenous leukemia | After chemo induction to increase neutrophil recovery and decrease infection risk
110
Oprelvekin: class
Thrombopoietic growth factor
111
Oprelvekin: action
Increases production of platelets
112
Oprelvekin: use
Decrease thrombocytopenia and need for platelet transfusions of clients receiving chemo
113
Donepezil: class
Cholinesterase inhibitor
114
Donepezil: action
Prevents cholinesterase from inhibiting acetylcholine, increasing the amount of ACh available at the receptor site. Sympathetic responses then last longer
115
Donepezil: use
Treatment of Alzheimer’s (behavior and cognition improvement) Treatment of Parkinson’s
116
Donepezil: complications
Excessive muscarinic stimulation (increased GI motility,sweating, etc) Cholinergic crisis/toxicity N/V/D Weight loss in older adults
117
What are some signs and symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil) toxicity?
Salivation Diaphoresis Diarrhea
118
Levodopa/carbidopa: class
Antiparkinsonian/dopamine synthesis medication
119
Levodopa/carbidopa: action
Helps maintain balance between dopamine and acetylcholine
120
Levodopa/carbidopa: use
Relief from dyskinesias (bradykinesia, resting tremors, rigidity) associated with Parkinson’s to increase ability to do ADLs
121
What are some common complications with levodopa/carbidopa?
``` N/V Drowsiness Dyskinesias Orthostatic hypotension Tachycardia/palpitations Lack of impulse control Psychosis Wearing off after a long time of use ```
122
Client education for levodopa/carbidopa?
``` Effects can take weeks to months Avoid high protein meals and foods Take with food to avoid GI distress Avoid pregnancy Avoid Kava ```
123
Phenytoin: class
Antiepileptic
124
Phenytoin: action
Slows entrance of sodium and calcium back into the neuron, giving it longer to repolarization
125
Phenytoin: use
Prevention/treatment of seizures
126
Phenytoin: complications
``` Rash Sedation Cognitive impairment Gingival hyperplasia Dysrhythmias Hypotension Ataxia ```
127
Phenytoin: nursing considerations
Narrow therapeutic range | Monitor for bleeding
128
Phenytoin: patient education
``` Do not discontinue suddenly Keep a seizure diary Avoid CNS depressants Avoid pregnancy Can decrease oral contraceptive use ```
129
Carbamazepine: class
Anti-epileptic
130
Carbamazepine: action
Slows entrance of sodium and calcium back into the neuron, allowing for longer repolarization
131
Carbamazepine: use
Prevention and treatment of seizures
132
Carbamazepine: complications
``` Blood dyscrasias Double vision Vertigo Headache Edema Skin disorders Staggering gait ```
133
Carbamazepine: patient education
Avoid pregnancy Can decrease oral contraceptive use and warfarin levels Avoid other CNS depressants
134
Topiramate: class
Anti-epileptic
135
Topiramate: action
Enhances the effects of GABA
136
Topiramate: use
Prevention/treatment of seizures
137
Topiramate: complications
``` Vision loss Vertigo Fatigue Death Worsening seizures Decreased sweating/increased temperature Metabolic acidosis Angle closure glaucoma ```
138
Topiramate: patient education
Avoid pregnancy Don’t discontinue suddenly Keep seizure diary Avoid CNS depressants
139
What do anticoagulants do?
Prevent clot formation
140
What do hemostatic drugs do?
Replace missing clotting factors
141
What is fibrinolysis?
Removal of an already formed clot (can be done by the body or by drugs if necessary)
142
Heparin: class
Anticoagulant
143
Heparin: action
Activation of antithrombin to inhibit clotting
144
Heparin: use
Conditions needing prompt anticoagulation Surgery Dialysis adjunct Disseminated intravascular coagulation treatment
145
How is heparin administered?
IV
146
Heparin: complications
Toxicity Hemorrhage Hematoma Thrombocytopenia
147
Enoxaparin: class
Anticoagulant
148
Enoxaparin: action
Inactivation of factor Xa to prevent clotting
149
Enoxaparin: use
Prevent DVT Treat DVT and PE Prevent angina and complications of MI
150
Enoxaparin: administration
Usually given subcutaneous
151
Enoxaparin: complications
Hemorrhage Toxicity Neurological damage from hematoma Thrombocytopenia
152
Client education for heparin and enoxaparin?
Use an electric razor and soft toothbrush Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding Avoid herbs that affect coagulation and other anti platelet drugs
153
What are contraindications for heparin and enoxaparin?
Thrombocytopenia Uncontrollable bleeding Not to be used during or after brain, eye, or spinal surgery
154
Warfarin: class
Oral anticoagulant/vitamin K inhibitor
155
Warfarin: action
Antagonizes vitamin K to prevent synthesis of clotting factors
156
Warfarin: use
Prevention of PE and venous thrombosis Prevention of thrombotic events Reduce risk of recurrent MI/stroke/TIA
157
Warfarin: complications
``` Hemorrhage Hepatitis Toxicity Bruising/petechiae Black tarry stools ```
158
What is the antidote to warfarin?
Vitamin K
159
How long can warfarin take to achieve full effects?
3-5 days
160
What are contraindications for warfarin?
``` Pregnancy Low platelet count Liver disorder Bleeding disorder Vitamin K deficiencies Eye/brain/spinal surgery ```
161
Warfarin: client education
``` Avoid alcohol and OTC drugs Avoid long periods of sitting Get a regular PT/INR Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor Avoid foods high in vitamin K ```
162
What are some examples of foods high in vitamin K?
Spinach Broccoli Canola oil Soybean oil
163
Rivaroxaban: class
Direct inhibitor of factor Xa
164
Rivaroxaban: action
Inhibits factor Xa to prevent thrombin formation
165
Rivaroxaban: use
Stroke prevention in a-fib patients Prevention of post-op PE/DVT Reduce risk of emboli formation for patients undergoing knee or hip surgery
166
Rivaroxaban: complications
Bleeding Elevated liver enzymes or bilirubin Rash
167
Clopridogrel: class
Antiplatelet
168
Clopidogrel: action
Inhibits platelet aggregation at onset of clotting process (will prolong bleeding time)
169
Clopidogrel: use
Prevention of acute MI/TIA/stroke Prevention of MI recurrence Cardiac stent surgery/post-op treatment Prevention of post-op DVT
170
Clopidogrel: complications
``` Bleeding Diarrhea Dyspepsia Pain Flu-like symptoms Headache ```
171
Clopidogrel: client education
Discontinue 5-7 days before any surgery (including dental surgery) Monitor for bleeding Avoid herbs that affect coagulation
172
Alteplase: class
Thrombolytic medication
173
What else is alteplase called?
TPA
174
Alteplase: action
Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve already formed clots
175
Alteplase: use
Acute MI Massive PE Acute ischemic stroke (MAIN USE) Restore patency to central IV catheter
176
Alteplase: considerations for administration
IV only Give within 3 hours of onset of stroke symptoms for best results Has no reversal agent - monitor closely
177
Alteplase: contraindications
``` Prior hemorrhagic stroke Internal bleeding History of ischemic stroke (thats not the current one) Recent trauma Severe hypertension ```
178
Whole blood: use
Increase circulating blood volume as replacement for acute blood loss Volume expansion in burn injury, dehydration, or shock
179
Packed red blood cells: use
Severe anemia Hemoglobinopathies Hemolytic anemias Erythroblastosis fetalis
180
Platelets: use
Thrombocytopenia caused by aplastic anemia or chemo | Active bleeding with low platelet count
181
Fresh frozen plasma: use
``` Replacement of coagulation factors in things like.. Active bleeding Burns Shock Disseminated intravascular coagulation Warfarin reversal Coagulation factor replacement ```
182
Albumin: uses
``` Hypovolemia Hypoalbuminemia Burns Adult respiratory distress Cardiopulmonary surgery Hemolytic disease in newborns ```
183
Chlorpromazine: class
Antipsychotic (first gen)/dopamine 2 receptor antagonist
184
Chlorpromazine: action
Blocks dopamine, ACh, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain
185
Chlorpromazine: uses
Positive manifestations of psychotic disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar
186
What are the main adverse effect of first generation antipsychotics?
Extrapyramidal symptoms
187
What is included in extrapyramidal symptoms?
Dystonia Pseudoparkinsonism Akathisia Tardive dyskinesias
188
What is included in acute dystonia?
Grimacing, involuntary eye movement, muscle spasms, laryngeal spasms
189
What is akathisia?
Restlessness Pacing Having trouble standing still
190
What are tardive dyskinesias?
Protrusion/rolling of the tongue Sucking and smacking of the mouth and lips Chewing motion with the mouth Involuntary movement
191
What are other complications of chlorpromazine?
``` Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Anticholinergic effects Seizures Sedation Drowsiness ```
192
What patient population has a high death risk with first generation antipsychotics?
Older dementia patients
193
How long can full effects take for chlorpromazine and other first gen antipsychotics?
7-8 weeks
194
What drug counteracts chlorpromazine?
Levodopa
195
What herbal supplements should patients taking chlorpromazine be taught to avoid?
Kava and St. John’s wort
196
Risperidone: class
Atypical antipsychotic | Dopamine 2 receptor and serotonin receptor antagonist
197
Risperidone: action
Blocks serotonin in the brain (and also dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine)
198
Risperidone: use
``` Positive and negative manifestations of schizophrenia Levodopa induced psychotic episodes Bipolar Impulse control disorders Psychosis ```
199
Risperidone: complications
``` Weight gain Mild EPS Agitation Dizziness Sedation Anticholinergic effects Sexual dysfunction ```
200
What are contraindications to risperidone?
Dementia | Alcohol use
201
How long can therapeutic effects take with risperidone?
3 weeks
202
What herbs should be avoided with risperidone?
Kava Valerian Chamomile
203
Methylphenidate: class
CNS stimulant
204
Methylphenidate: action
Raises levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the CNS
205
Methylphenidate: use
ADHD Conduct disorder Narcolepsy Obesity
206
Methylphenidate: complications
``` CNS stimulation Decreased appetite and weight loss Chest pain, hypertension, dysrhythmias Tolerance/withdrawal Toxicity ```
207
What should clients be taught about taking methylphenidate?
Avoid alcohol or other stimulants Monitor weight Give last dose before 4 PM
208
Methylphenidate: contraindications
``` Substance abuse disorders Hypertension Cardiovascular disorder Anxiety/psychosis Hyperthyroidism ```
209
Bupropion: class
Norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor
210
Bupropion: action
Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine at CNS synapses
211
Bupropion: use
ADHD and depression
212
Bupropion: complications
``` Weight loss Decreased growth and appetite N/V Suicidal ideation in kids and teens Hepatotoxicity Seizure activity ```
213
What drugs should not be taken concurrently with bupropion?
MAOIs
214
How long can bupropion take for full effect?
Up to 6 weeks
215
Imipramine: class
Tricyclic antidepressant
216
Imipramine: action
Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, increasing their effects
217
Imipramine: use
Depression Autism ADHD OCD
218
Imipramine: complications
``` Increased suicide risk at start of treatment Sedation Decreased seizure threshold Toxicity Anticholinergic effects ```
219
Client education for imipramine
Take daily Don’t discontinue suddenly Continue taking even when symptoms improve Take at bedtime
220
Fluoxetine and sertraline: class
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
221
Fluoxetine and sertraline: action
Blocks reuptake of serotonin and intensifies monoamine to increase concentration
222
Fluoxetine and sertraline: use
Autism OCD Major depressive disorder Bulimia
223
Fluoxetine and sertraline: complications
``` Serotonin syndrome Weight changes Withdrawal EPS Suicidal ideation Sexual dysfunction ```
224
What are some signs of serotonin syndrome?
Agitation Confusion Hallucinations
225
When will maximum effects of SSRIs be seen?
Around 12 weeks after beginning treatment
226
What other medications can cause serotonin syndrome if taken with SSRIs?
MAOIs SNRIs St John’s wort
227
Timolol: class
Beta adrenergic blocker | Antiglaucoma
228
Timolol: action
Decrease intraocular pressure by decreasing amount of aqueous humor produced
229
Timolol: use
Primary open angle glaucoma
230
Timolol: complications
``` Stinging eyes Dry eyes Blurred vision Photophobia Heart issues Bronchospasm ```
231
Timolol: administration
One drop per eye Hold pressure on nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds to minimize systemic effects May take 2-4 weeks for therapeutic effects
232
What are contraindications for timolol?
Sinus bradycardia AV heart block Asthma COPD
233
Brimonidine: class
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist/antiglaucoma
234
Brimonidine: action
Decreased production and outflow of aqueous humor to decrease IOP
235
Brimonidine: use
Topical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
236
Brimonidine: complications
``` Stinging in eyes Dilated pupils Blurred vision Dry mouth Reddened sclera Hypotension ```
237
With brimonidine, what should the nurse closely monitor?
Blood pressure
238
Latanoprost: class
Prostaglandin analog | Antiglaucoma
239
Latanoprost: action
Reduce IOP by relaxing ciliary muscle to increase aqueous humor outflow
240
Latanoprost: use
PAOG | Ocular hypertension
241
Latanoprost: complications
``` Bulging of ocular blood vessels Increased iris pigmentation Blurred vision Itching Irritation Thicker/darker eyelashes ```
242
Latanoprost: client education
Remove contacts before administering | Wait 5 minutes between eyes
243
Mannitol: class
Osmotic agent
244
Mannitol: action
Decrease IOP by making plasma hypertonic, drawing fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye
245
Mannitol: use
Rapidly progressing acute closed angle glaucoma | Cerebral swelling from a stroke
246
Mannitol: complications
Headache N/V Edema Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
247
What is primarily used to treat Otis media?
Amoxicillin
248
What is the most serious adverse effect that amoxicillin can cause?
Anaphylaxis
249
Otis externa is also known as
Swimmers ear
250
What is usually used to treat Otis externa?
Ciprofloxacin with hydrocortisone ear drops
251
What are best practices when giving ciprofloxacin with hydrocortisone ear drops?
Have the patient lay on side for 10 minutes to allow for distribution

Krystan: Semester Two Nursing School (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions