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28 invertebrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

key features of lophotrochozoans (4)

A
  1. having a lophophore: feeding structure with tentacles + respiration
  2. trochophore larvae: larval stage, unique shape, band of cilia that helps with swimming and feeding
  3. triploblastic
  4. bilaterally symmetrical
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2
Q

Phylums of lophotrochozoans

A

mollusks (snails, clams, octopuses)
annelids (earthworms, leeches)

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3
Q

what is a blastocoel

A

fluid filled cavity/space in blastula/blastocyst

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4
Q

what is gastrulation

A

blastula forming into the gastrula, the blastocyst is reorganized into 2 or 3 layered embryo, sets up cell differentiation and basic axes of body

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5
Q

what does each germ layer develop into?

A

Ectoderm: Epidermis, nervous system
Endoderm: digestive and respiratory organs, other associated organs like liver and pancreas
Mesoderm: all tissues of the body, connective tissue, muscles, bones, bone marrow, HEART

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6
Q

what are basal animals and name the 4 phylums + examples of each phylum

A

basal animals are usually diploblastic with simple bodies, and branched off early in evolutionary history, so they retain characteristics of their common ancestor.
1. Porifera: sponges, no true specialized tissues or organs
2. Ctenophera: comb jellies
3. Cnidaria: sea anenomes, jellyfish, corals
4. Placozoa: marine blob

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7
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Ectoprocta (bryozoans/moss animals) (5)

A
  1. no head, sessile suspension feeding w/ lophophore
  2. marine
  3. colonial
  4. mineralized exoskeleton
  5. U-shaped alimentary tract
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8
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Brachiopoda (Brachiopods/ lampshell) (3)

A
  1. no head, suspension feeding w/ lophophore
  2. marine, sessile
  3. 2 shells w/ pedicle for attachment
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9
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca + organ functions

A
  1. common body build
  2. muscular foot for moving and digging
  3. mantle for protection and secreting shell materials
  4. visceral mass: contains all body organs
  5. radula: specialized feeding structure, scraping tongue
  6. open circulatory system (blood openly bathes organs + tissues, no vessels)
  7. mantle cavity: has gills or lungs, pumps water for filter feeding
  8. marine have trochophore larvae (cilia band)
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10
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca. what type of eggs do land snails produce

A

shelled eggs with calcified shell (calcium carbonate), satisfying crushing arms

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11
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca: Class Gastropoda

A
  • single or no shelled
  • visceral mass twists so that mantle cavity is above head-end, allows retraction
    -cephalization
    -largest class, land or marine
  • use radula to feed
    -some are predators
    -schistomiasis hosts (spread disease)
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12
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca: Class Bivalvia (how do they eat)

A

Bivalves, 2 shells joined by hinge, no head.
- aquatic
- suspension feeders, filter feed with ciliated gills
-excurrent siphon (water exits)
-no radula
-burrowing or sessile

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13
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca: Class Cephalopoda

A
  • very good eyesight and intelligent
  • active marine predators
  • foot evolved into tentacles and arms
  • move with excurrent siphon and mantle cavity
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14
Q

what is the only living cephalopod with external shell

A

nautilus

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15
Q

true or false: the squid and cuttlefish have reduced internal shell

A

true

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16
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Mollusca: Class Cephalopoda. Which animal has the biggest brain and no shell?

A

Octopus

17
Q

Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Annelida

A

segmented worms
- segmentation (repeated features)
- well developed organ systems
-closed circulatory system
- gizzard (grinds and breaks down food)
- metanephridia (waste removal and osmoregulation)

18
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Nematoda (round worms)

A
  • colorless body with tapered ends
  • no circulatory system
  • pseudocolem diffuses nutrients
  • parasitic or decomposers
  • ecdysis
19
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Tardigrada “water bears”

A
  • 4 short stubby legs (no joints)
  • live in water
  • can survive extreme dry conditions
  • microscopic
  • segmented
20
Q

cuticle is another word for

A

exoskeleton/outer covering

21
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Arthropoda: Chelicerates: what are chelicerae.

A

claw like appendages that they use to eat

22
Q

true or false: most chelicerates are arachnids

A

true

23
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum arthropoda: chelicerates: what are pedipalps

A

feeding appendages

24
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Arthropoda: Myriapods

A
  • many identical segments and legs
  • terrestrial
  • 1 pair antennae
25
Q

difference in legs centipedes vs millipedes

A

millipedes: 2 legs per segment
centipedes: 1 legs per segment, poisonous claw at front

26
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Arthropoda: Crustaceans

A

2 pairs of antennae, many legs

27
Q

what are the first animals to fly

A

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Arthropoda: hexapods clade: insects

28
Q

how many body parts in insects

A

3: head, thorax, abdomen

29
Q

Ecdysozoa: Phylum Arthropoda: insects: malpighian tubules function

A

excretion of waste

30
Q

Dueterostomes: Echinodermata

A

pentaradial symmetry
- endoskeleton
- large coelom (cushion for organs)

finals bio (2 decks)

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