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ECOS I Exam 2 > 28: Approach To Eye Complaint > Flashcards

28: Approach To Eye Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

Pertinent history questions to ask with an eye complaint

A

Age, pregnant, glasses/contacts, injury/trauma, surgeries, eye infections, recent travel

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2
Q

Important associated sx to ask for eye complaint

A

Pain, drainage, itching, burning, vision changes/blurry vision, flashing lights

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3
Q

What can cause ectropion

A

Age, prior surgeries, previous infection, genetic disorders

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4
Q

Causes of mechanical ptosis

A

Inflammation, eyelid tumors, dermoid cysts

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5
Q

What causes aponeurotic ptosis?

A

Dehiscence of aponeurosis connecting levator muscle to eyelid

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6
Q

Some neurologic causes to ptosis

A

CN 8 palsy, Horner’s syndrome, botulinum toxin, myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

Myogenic ptosis

A

Rare muscular disorders involving mitochondria

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8
Q

Chalazion vs hordeolum location

A

Chalazion: in the lid
Hordeolum: along the lash line

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9
Q

Chalazion

A

Blocked meibomian gland, generally nontender unless it becomes inflamed

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10
Q

Hordeolum

A

Bacterial infection of the meibomian gland, tender and painful

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11
Q

Other term for stye

A

Hordeolum

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12
Q

Blepharitis

A

Eyelid margin inflammation, causing eye irritation

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13
Q

Causes of blepharitis

A

Bacterial (s. aureus), inflammatory skin conditions, allergens or irritants

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14
Q

Symptoms of blepharitis

A

Red/swollen/itchy eyes, gritty/burning sensation, excess tearing, poss blurred vision

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15
Q

Treatment for blepharitis

A

Warm compress and eyelid washing, artificial tears, topical Abx

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16
Q

Clogged tear duct

A

Transient, very common in infants

17
Q

Dacrostenosis

A

Stenosis of nasolacrimal duct, causing a persistent clogged tear duct

18
Q

Treatment of dacrostenosis

A

Milking the duct, sometimes requires opening the duct with a probe

19
Q

Dacrocystitis

A

Infection of the lacrimal duct, most common in newborns and older folks

20
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A

Mild, bilateral, gritty pruritic irritated eyes with clear discharge

21
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

A

Mild/moderate bilateral sx, gritty, burning, irritated eyes with clear discharge, eyes matted shut in the morning

22
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Usually unilateral, copious amounts of purulent drainage throughout entire day

23
Q

Common conjunctivitis cause for pts with contacts

A

Pseudomonas

24
Q

Arcus senilis age profile

A

Common in 60+ y/o’s, if under 40, check for cholesterol

25
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Medical emergency; sudden increase in intraocular pressure

26
Q

What causes acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Failure of aqueous fluid to flow from ciliary body into irido-corneal junction

27
Q

S/S acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Acute severe pain, decreased vision, pupil dilated and fixed

28
Q

Cover/uncover test

A

Stare straight ahead to a fixed point, and cover one eye. Observe uncovered eye as it focuses on point. If it moves, a tropia is present in that eye

29
Q

Amblyopia

A

When strabismus is left untreated and vision weakness occurs

30
Q

Glaucomatous cupping

A

Increased intraocular pressure within eye -> cupping

31
Q

Nl cup to disc ratio vs glaucoma

A

Nl: 0.4
Glaucoma: 0.7+

32
Q

Cotton wool spots appearance

A

White/gray ovoid lesions with irregular soft borders

33
Q

What causes cotton wool spots

A

Extruded axoplasm from retinal ganglion cells caused by microinfarcts of retinal nerve fiber layer

34
Q

What conditions can cause cotton wool spots

A

DM, HIV, HTN

35
Q

Drusen bodies

A

Yellow round spots that vary in size, edges can be soft or hard; consisting of dead pigment epithelial cells

36
Q

What condition would you see Drusen bodies in ?

A

Macular degeneration

37
Q

Retinal detachment is a warning sign of…?

A

Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD)

38
Q

S/S retinal detachment

A

Painless vision loss, black dots, curtain over portion of visual field

39
Q

What causes otosclerosis?

A

Bony overgrowth of stapes

ECOS I Exam 2 (9 decks)

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