27.3 the need to control blood glucose concentration Flashcards
importance of glucose
- main substrate for respiration; provides energy needed
what two things depend on the concentration of glucose
1) water potential
2) respiration; availability of energy
two sources of glucose
1) directly from the diet; resulting from the breakdown of stratch, maltose, lactose and sucrose
2) breakdown of glycogen through glycogenolysis; it is stored in the liver and muscle cells
what is diabetes
- a metabolic disorder caused by an inability to control blood glucose concentration
- it can be due to a lack of insulin or responsiveness of insulin
type I diabetes
- insulin dependant
- caused by the inability of the body to produce insulin
type II diabetes
- insulin independant
- caused by glycoprotein receptors on the body cells losing their responsiveness insulin
risk factors of type I diabetes
- genetics
- age
- autoimmune response
- family history
risk factors of type II diabetes
- lack of exercise
- obesity/overweight
- age
- high blood pressure
symptoms
- blurred vision
- need to urinate excessively
- presence of glucose in urine
- increased thirst and hunger
- fatigue
- unexplained weight loss
control of type I diabetes
- injections of insulin
- dose of insulin matches glucose intake
what happens when a person who has type I diabetes injects too much insulin
- patient will experience low blood glucose concentration that can result in unconsciousness
how is correct dose of insulin measured before injection
- blood glucose concentration is monitored using biosensors
how can people with type I diabetes lead a normal life
- managing carbohydrate intake
- injecting appropriate doses of insulin
- exercise
why would an extra dosage of insulin cause unconsciousness
?
control of type II diabetes
- regulating intake of carbohydrate in the diet and matching it with the amount of exercise
- taking drugs that stimulate insulin production
- taking drugs that slow down the rate at which glucose is absorbed by the small intestine
