[27.3] condensation polymers Flashcards
1
Q
what is condensation polymerisation?
A
joining of monomers with the loss of a small molecule, usually water or hydrogen chloride
2
Q
how many different functional groups are needed in condensation polymerisation?
A
2
3
Q
what are the monomers that undergo condensation polymerisation? (3)
A
- dicarboxylic acids with diols
- dicarboxylic acids with diamines
- amino acids
4
Q
polyesters made of one monomer containing two different functional groups
A
- one monomer with hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) group
- ester bond formed when OH of COOH and H of OH are removed
- 1 molecule of water formed per ester bond
5
Q
polyesters made from two monomers each containing two functional groups
A
- monomer 1: diol, with two hydroxyl groups
- monomer 2: dicarboxylic acid, with two carboxyl groups
- ester bond formed when OH of COOH and H of OH are removed
- 1 molecule of water formed per ester bond
6
Q
polyamies made from one monomer with two functional groups
A
- monomer = amino acids
- amide bond formed when OH of COOH and H of NH₂ are removed
- 1 molecule of water formed per amide bond
7
Q
polyamides made from two monomers each with two functional groups
A
- monomer 1: dicarboxylic acid or dioyl chloride
- monomer 2: diamine
- if CA monomer, amide bond is formed when H of NH₂ and OH of COOH are removed
- if dioyl chloride monomer, amide bond is formed when H of NH₂ and Cl of COCl are removed
- (2n-1) H₂O / HCl made per amide bond
8
Q
what can polyesters and polyamides be hydrolysed by?
A
- hot aqueous acid (eg. HCl)
- hot aqueous alkali (eg. NaOH)
9
Q
acid hydrolysis of polyesters
A
- reflux with dilute H+/H₂O
- reactants: polyester + 2n H₂O
- products: dioic acid + diol
10
Q
base hydrolysis of polyesters
A
- reflux with dilute NaOH/H₂O
- reactants: polyester + 2n NaOH
- products: diol + dicarboxylate salt (ie. COO⁻Na⁺)
11
Q
acid hydrolysis of polyamides
A
- reflux with dilute H+/H₂O
- reactants: polyamide + 2n H₂O
- products: dioic acid + diammonium salt (ie. NH₃⁺Cl⁻)
12
Q
base hydrolysis of polyamides
A
- reflux with dilute NaOH/H₂O
- reactants: polyamide + 2n NaOH
- products: dicarboxylate salt + diamine (NH₂)
