[27.2] (2/2) amides and chirality Flashcards
1
Q
how are amides produced?
A
reactions of acyl chlorides with ammonia or amines
2
Q
describe the general structure of an amide
A
-CONR₂ functional group
R can be H or alkyl group
3
Q
what are the differences between the 3 types of amides?
A
- primary - 1 carbon bonded to an N
- secondary - 2 carbons bonded to an N
- tertiary - 3 carbonds bonded to an N
4
Q
how do you name amides?
A
- primary - get rid of NH₂ and imagine it’s a CA, remove ‘oic acid’, add ‘amide’
- secondary / tertiary - use N
5
Q
what are optical isomers?
A
- non-superimposable mirror images of molecules
- aka enantiomers
6
Q
what is a racemic mixture?
A
a mixture that has equal proportions of the different enantiomers
7
Q
how is optical isomerism related to stereoisomerism?
A
optical isomerism is a type of steroisomerism
8
Q
where is optical isomerism found?
A
in moelcules that contain a chiral centre
9
Q
what is a chiral centre?
A
- a carbon atom attached to four different atoms or four different groups of atoms
- often denoted by a *
10
Q
how many enantiomers are there for every chiral carbon?
A
2
11
Q
how do you draw a chiral molecule with two chiral centres?
A
- to get 2nd, do mirror image of 1st
- to get 3rd, do mirror image of only the top chiral centre; keep bottom the same
- to et 4th, do mirror image of only the bottom chiral centre; keep top the same
