27.3 and 28 History Study Guide

Question 0

Little Rock Nine

Answer 0

Nine outstanding African Americans selected to go to a white school in Little Rock, Arkansas; attempted to desegregate the school systems

Question 1

Brown vs. Board of Education

Answer 1

Linda Brown was a seven year old blah girl whose father sued the school system because she wasn’t allowed to go to the white school by her house; Supreme Court ruled separate was inherently unequal; overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson: separate but equal; desegregated schools

Question 2

Rosa Parks

Answer 2

Refused to give up her seat in a bus to a white passenger; was the icon an sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 3

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 3

African Americans refused to ride buses and instead carpooled in order to end segregation in the bus systems.

Question 4

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 4

26 year old Baptist minister who led the Montgomery Improvement Association

Question 5

John F. Kennedy

Answer 5

The youngest US president at 43; a Catholic; people hoped he wouldn’t make decisions based on the Pope; wanted to cut taxes and increase spending

Question 6

Peace Corps

Answer 6

A volunteer organization created by Kennedy in 1961 to carry out improvement projects in developing countries

Question 7

New Frontier

Answer 7

a set of domestic reforms created by Kennedy; cut taxes, raise spending, lower steel prices, slightly raise wages

Question 8

Bay of Pigs

Answer 8

April 1961: 1500 Cuban exiles sent to fight Communism in Cuba; failed attempt to throw Fidel Castro out of power

Question 9

Berlin Wall

Answer 9

August 13, 1961: workers built it to keep East Berliners out of West Berlin

Question 10

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 10

Soviets had missiles in Cuba that US planes spotted while flying overhead; Soviets moved some of their missiles, we moved some of ours

Question 11

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 11

Kennedy’s Vice President who took office dyer his assassination

Question 12

Warren Commision

Answer 12

Group of investigators who spent months studying Kennedy’s assassination

Question 13

War on Poverty

Answer 13

A series of programs to help poor Americans

Question 14

Medicaid

Answer 14

Provides health insurance for people with low incomes

Question 15

Medicare

Answer 15

Includes people 65 an older in a government health care plan

Question 16

Alan Shepard Jr.

Answer 16

First American launched into space

Question 17

Neil Armstrong

Answer 17

First man on the moon

Question 18

Edwin Aldrin

Answer 18

Second man on the moon who arrived with Armstrong

Question 19

Sit-Ins

Answer 19

A demonstration in which protesters sit down in a location and refuse to leave

Question 20

Freedom Rides

Answer 20

Protested segregation on buses in southern bus stations

Question 21

March on Washington

Answer 21

A nationwide demonstration led by African Americans in support of civil rights

Question 22

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 22

Banned segregation in public places such as restaurants and transportation facilities

Question 23

Malcolm X

Answer 23

A leader of the Nation of Islam, a religious group that favored black separatism

Question 24

Cesar Chavez

Answer 24

Formed a union in 1962 to improve pay and working conditions for migrant farm workers, many of whom were Mexican and Mexican American

Question 25

Chicano Movement

Answer 25

Sought to increase Hispanic cultural pride and political power

Question 26

Disabled in Action

Answer 26

1970: brought together people with many different disabilities to try to meet their needs

Question 27

American Indian Movement

Answer 27

1968: fought for the rights and properties guaranteed in earlier treaties

Question 28

Voting Rights Act of 1964

Answer 28

Gave the federal government the power to inspect voter registration procedures and to protect all citizens’ voting rights

Question 29

Generation Gap

Answer 29

Division between older and younger people

Question 30

Counterculture

Answer 30

A culture with values that ran counter to, or against, those of main society

Question 31

Hippies

Answer 31

Members of the counterculture that tried different lifestyles

Question 32

Andy Warhol

Answer 32

The most famous pop artist; Campbell’s soup cans and Marilyn Monroe’s face

Question 33

The Beatles

Answer 33

Began the “British Invasion” of pop artists; a foursome from Liverpool, England who sparked a wave of excitement through their American fans

Question 34

Woodstock

Answer 34

A symbol of the counterculture’s optimistic spirit

Question 35

Civil Rights Movement: 1950s-1960s

Answer 35

Brown vs. Board o Education: separate is inherently unequal
Little Rock Nine: began integration in the school system
Montgomery Bus Boycott: led to integrated bus system
Martin Luther King Jr.: I Have a Dream and March on Washington
Medicaid: for low income families
Medicare: for elderly (65+)
Sit-ins: peaceful protests
Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned segregation of public places
Voting Rights Act of 1965: protected all civilian voting rights
Chicano Movement: Hispanic rights
Disabled in Action: rights and help
American Indian Movement: keep land and self-government

Question 36

3 Main Cold War Issues

Answer 36

Bay of Pigs: Cuban exiles used to fight against Castro; US didn’t send air support an expected the public to rise up against Castro; they did not and it was a failure; showed that Castro was more powerful than he actually was and that the US was less powerful than it actually was

Berlin Wall: built to stop East Berliners from moving into West Berlin; no one was willing to go to war over Berlin’s newly strict border; US sent additional US troops to respond to the “brutal border closing”

Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviets had missiles in Cuba that the US planes spotted; Soviets moved some of their missiles and the US moved some of theirs; Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (no more above ground testing of nuclear weapons)