2.7.2 Genetic variation Flashcards

1
Q

Why does sexual reproduction give variation?

A

Sexual reproduction gives rise to variation
because, when gametes fuse, one of each
pair of alleles comes from each parent.

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2
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

A

In human body cells, one of the 23 pairs of

chromosomes.

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3
Q

What are the male chromosomes and female chromosomes?

A

In females the sex chromosomes are the
same (XX); in males the sex chromosomes are
different (XY).

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4
Q

What are alleles?

A

Some characteristics are controlled by a single
gene. Each gene may have different forms
called alleles.

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5
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele that controls the development of a
characteristic when it is present on only one
of the chromosomes is a dominant allele

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6
Q

What is DNA?

A
Chromosomes are made up of large molecules
of DNA (deoxyribo nucleic acid) which has a
double helix structure.
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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a small section of DNA.

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8
Q

What does each gene do?

A

Each gene codes for a particular combination

of amino acids which make a specific protein.

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9
Q

What is the process to indentify individuals?

A

Each person (apart from identical twins) has
unique DNA. This can be used to identify
individuals in a process known as DNA
fingerprinting.

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