2.7 Microorganisms and Applications Flashcards
How frequently do bacteria duplicate?
Every 20 minutes
How do we grow bacteria?
We grow it in a nutrient rich broth at 30°C exactly
Why is the nutrient rich broth kept at 30°C?
It provides a stead rate of reproduction and reduces the chances of growing pathogens (bacteria) that are dangerous to humans (who have a temperature of 37°C).
What temperature range do bacteria grow in?
5°C-60°C
What are the 5 main safety measures taken in aseptic technique?
- Keep a general sterile environment
- Flame the loop before and after putting it in the culture bottle and petri dish.
- Flame the rim of the culture bottle after use
- Keep the lid on the petri dish as much as possible
- Make sure the dish is not airtight become incubating (which causes an anaerobic environment).
Why do we make sure the petri dish is not airtight before incubation?
To prevent the growth of anaerobic bacteria that are especially dangerous to humans.
How do we add bacteria to the petri dish?
Through a streaking pattern that slowly reduces the bacteria in each line
In the end you are left with single colonies of bacteria.
What is a pathogen?
An organism or microorganism that causes disease.
What are the 5 main types of pathogens?
Viruses Bacteria Fungi Worms Protozoa (Single cell organisms with a nucleolus)
What is the structure of a virus?
- RNA Genome (in the centre)
- H and N spikes (Attaches to cells)
- Capsid (which contains the RNA)
- Envelope (around the virus)
What is the structure of a bacteria?
- Pili (Attachment)
- Bacteria Flagellum (For movement)
- Capsule (Outside- for protections)
- Cell Wall (Medium)
- Plasma Membrane (Inner)
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes (small granules)
- Plasmids (Larger that ribosomes)
- Nucleoid (Loose bundle of DNA)
What are the 5 dangerous pathogens to remember, how are they transmitted and what is there scientific name?
Cholera (Bacteria)- Contaminated water- Vibrio cholerae
Spanish Flu (Virus)- Airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes- Influenza
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)- Bodily fluids (sex) and contaminated needles (drugs)
Malaria (Parasite)- Female mosquitos- Plasmodium spp
Chlamydia (Bacteria)- Bodily fluids- Chlamydia trachomatis
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What is the job of a phagocyte?
To ingest microorganisms and break them down.
They attack any foreign cell.
*Phagocytes fight
What is the job of a Lymphocyte?
To produce antibodies that destroy/ weaken microorganisms and anti-toxins which neutralise poisons produced by pathogens.