27 Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers

Question 1

Why is ethanol used as a solvent when forming an amine from a haloalkane?

Answer 1

Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to form alkanes.

Question 2

Why is excess ammonia used when trying to make a primary amine from a haloalkane?

Answer 2

Reduces further substitution of amine group to form secondary/tertiary amines.

Question 3

Nitroarene to aromatic arene

Answer 3

1. Reflux, tin (Sn) and concentrated HCl - ammonium salt

2. Excess NaOH - aromatic amine.

Question 4

Carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 4

Heat with alcohol and conc. H2SO4.

Question 5

What is an optical isomer?

Answer 5

Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Question 6

What is another name for an optical isomer?

Answer 6

Enantiomer.

Question 7

What is a chiral centre?

Answer 7

Carbon atom that is attached to four different atoms/groups. Labelled with asterisk.

Question 8

Condensation polymerisation.

Answer 8

Process of joining monomers with the loss of a small molecule. Need two different functional groups.

Question 9

What are polyesters?

Answer 9

Monomers joined together by ester linkages.

Question 10

What are polyamides?

Answer 10

Monomers joined together by amide linkages.