266 (ageing) Flashcards
UN definition of an older person
60+
subcategories of older persons
young-old: 65-74
middle-old: 75-84
old-old: 85 and over
oldest-old: over 100
definition of an older ATSI Australian?
over 50
changes in body functions and processes: cardiovascular
heart pumps less effectively
left ventricle enlarges
valves stiffen and thicken
fatty deposits and fibrous tissue are deposited
changes in body functions and processes: digestive?
delayed swallowing
decreased gastric pH = less absorption
changes in body functions and processes: endocrine?
increased insulin resistance
lower thyroid function
increased risk of type II diabetes
changes in body functions and processes: immune?
t cells become less responsive
b cells produce fewer antibodies
changes in body functions and processes: integumentary?
fat layer decreases, leading to wrinkles, thinning of skin, loss of elasticity, drier skin
clustering of melanocytes leads to pigmentation spots
hair blubs lose pigment (greying)
increased calcium deposits = nails thicken and become ridged
fewer sweat glands, less perspiration
changes in body functions and processes: musculoskeletal
bones become less dense, depleted of calcium and minerals
thinning and curvature of spine = loss of height
stiffening, loss of joint cartilage = loss of flexibility
diminished muscle mass, tone, contractility = muscle weakness, slower movements
changes in body functions and processes: nervous system?
shrinkage of nerve cells = slower transmission of messages
breakdown of nerve cells in brain leads to plaques and tangles
changes in body functions and processes: respiratory?
weakening of ribs and diaphragm = diminished ability to expand the chest, decreased breathing capacity
changes in body functions and processes: sensory?
degenerative diseases = loss of visual acuity
difficulty seeing closer objects
pupil sphincter becomes rigid, pupil becomes less small
thickening of eardrum + structural and nerve changes = diminished hearing
tongue atrophy = loss of taste
atrophy of olfactory bulb = loss of smell
changes in body functions and processes: reproductive?
shrinking and atrophy of female reproductive organs
diminished secretion of female hormones and secretions
penile erection problems due to diminished blood flow
enlargement of prostate gland = increased frequency of urination
diminshed blood flow = changes to renal function inc. less urinary output, less excretion of wastes
diminished bladder tone and capacity
weakness of bladder muscles = increased urinary frequency and urgency, incontinence
RLT factors influencing ALS
biological
physchological
sociocultural
environmental
politicoeconomic
RLT activities of living
maintaining a safe environment
communicating
breathing
eating and drinking
eliminating
personal cleansing and dressing
controlling body temperature
mobilising
working and playing
expressing sexuality
sleeping
dying
what is the RLT model?
a conceptual framework for practice
a way of thinking about nursing, based on a model of living
what are the four different aspects of RLT under ‘individualising nursing’?
assessing
planning
implementing
evaluating
psychosocial theories of aging - disengagement theory?
successful ageing = process of withdrawal from social roles and responsibilites, increasing reflection and contemplation
society reciprocally withdraws these roles from older people to let younger peeps fulfill them
psychosocial theories of aging - activity theory
successful ageing = being actively involved in social roles and activities that provide meaning and purpose
psychosocial theories of aging - continuity theory?
successful ageing = basic personality and attitudes, familiar relationships, behaviours and lifestyle are maintained over the course of a life
psychosocial theories of aging - erikson’s psychosocial theory of development
personality results from encounters between personal drives and societal demands
8th stage is Integrity vs Despair, successful resolution leads to ego integrity and the virtue of wisdom
psychosocial theories of aging - gerotranscendence?
successful ageing = development of new, positive perspective
turning away from materialism towards cosmic, transcendent perspective = contentment and wisdom
psychosocial theories of aging - selective optimisation with compensation theory?
successful ageing requires focused goal selection and attainment in light of losses and gains that occur
optimising things perceived as life enhancing, compensating for any areas of loss/limitation
psychosocial theories of aging - socioemotional selectivity theory?
perception of diminished time available motivates individuals to adapt to enhance their wellbeing ie.
becoming selective of social networks and opting for high quality fulfilling relationships
changes in body functions and processes: urinary?
enlargement of prostate gland = increased frequency of urination
diminshed blood flow = changes to renal function inc. less urinary output, less excretion of wastes
diminished bladder tone and capacity
weakness of bladder muscles = increased urinary frequency and urgency, incontinence
