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Chemistry - 26 > 26.4 - Carboxylic acid derivatives > Flashcards

26.4 - Carboxylic acid derivatives Flashcards

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1
Q

List 4 carboxylic acid derivatives

A

Ester
Acyl chloride
Acid anhydride
Amide

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2
Q

What is an esterification (condensation) reaction?

A

A reaction in which a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and water

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3
Q

What conditions are needed for an esterification reaction?

A

The alcohol is warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid

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4
Q

What are the products of an esterification reaction between propanoic acid + ethanol?

A

Ethyl propanoate + water

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5
Q

Esters can be hydrolysed by: 1? + 2?

A

1) Acid (aq)

2) Alkali (aq)

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6
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

The chemical breakdown of a compound in the presence of water or in aq solution.

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7
Q

What are the products of acid hydrolysis? (ester + water)

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol

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8
Q

What conditions are needed for acid hydrolysis?

A

Heat under reflux with dilute aq acid

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9
Q

What are the products of alkaline hydrolysis?

A

Carboxylate salt + alcohol

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10
Q

What conditions are needed for alkaline hydrolysis?

A

Heated under reflux with aq hydroxide ions

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11
Q

What are the products of this alkaline hydrolysis reaction?

methyl ethanoate + NaOH –> ? + ?

A

Sodium ethanoate + methanol

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12
Q

How do you prepare acyl chlorides?

A

React carboxylic acid with SOCl2

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13
Q

What condition is needed for the preparation of acyl chlorides?

A

Fume cupboard

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14
Q

Write an equation for the preparation of propanoyl chloride

A

propanoic acid + SOCl2 –> propanoyl chloride + SO2 + HCl

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15
Q

Acyl chloride + alcohol –> ? + ?

A

Ester + HCl

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16
Q

Acyl chloride + phenol –> ? + ?

A

Ester + HCl

17
Q

Acyl chloride + H2O –> ? + ?

A

Carboxylic acid + HCl

18
Q

What observation would take place when reacting acyl chlorides with water to form carboxylic acids?

A

Dense, steamy HCl fumes

19
Q

What is formed when acyl chlorides are reacted with ammonia/amines?

A

Amides

20
Q

Do ammonia and amines act as electrophiles or nucleophiles?

A

Nucleophiles

21
Q

Products of acyl chlorides + ammonia?

A

Primary amide + ammonium chloride

22
Q

Products of acyl chlorides + primary amines?

A

Secondary amide + other product

23
Q

Which is more reactive; acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides?

A

Acyl chlorides

24
Q

Ethanoic anhydride + phenol –> ? + ?

A

Phenyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid

Chemistry - 26 (4 decks)

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