26.1 - Carbonyl compounds Flashcards
How is aldehyde written in structural formula?
CHO
How are ketone groups written in structural formula?
CO
What is the suffix for an aldehyde?
-al
What is the suffix for a ketone?
-one
Name CH3COCH2CH2CH3
Pentan-2-one
What is used in equations to represent an oxidising agent?
[O]
What can aldehydes be oxidised into?
Carboxylic acids
What reagents are needed to oxidise aldehydes into carboxylic acids?
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Can ketones be oxidised?
No
What type of mechanism can carbonyl groups undergo?
Nucleophilic addition
Why can both aldehydes and ketones react with nucleophiles?
Their C=O is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon
What can be used to reduce aldehydes and ketones?
NaBH4
What is formed by the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?
Alcohols
What is used in an equation that represents a reducing agent?
[H]
What alcohols are aldehydes reduced to?
Primary
What alcohols are ketones reduced to?
Secondary
What colour change is observed when aldehydes/ketones are oxidised by K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Orange –> Green
What would you react an aldehyde with to increase the length of the carbon chain?
HCN
What conditions are needed for the reaction between an aldehyde + HCN?
H2SO4 / NaCN
What is formed from the reaction between propanal + HCN?
hydroxynitrile
CH3CH2CHOHCN
